An Outline of the Immigration of Jews to the area of Israel, "Aliyah" 1 ,2, 3, 4, 5.
"Aliyah" in Hebrew means "ascensijon, going up." Leaving the Lands of Exile and going to the Holy Land for Jews meant going upwards. Differnet Waves of Migration tot he area of "Palestine" were referred to as "Aliyahs."
Extracts and Adaptations from:
https://www.gov.il/en/departments/guides/the-aliya-story?chapterIndex=2
The First Aliyah (1882-1903)
The influx of immigrants into the Land of Israel during the years 1882-1903 is known as 'The First Aliyah.' This was the first large wave of immigrants that were motivated by nationalism. During these years some 25,000 Jews emigrated from Russia and Rumania, and 2,500 arrived from Yemen.
Immigrants of the First Aliyah arrived in two waves, stimulated by pogroms and violence against the Jews. The first influx followed pogroms in Russia in 1881-1882, and the second mass influx from Russia took place during 1890-1891 as a result of anti-Jewish legislation and the expulsion of Jews from Moscow. Immigration from Yemen was primarily motivated by messianic expectations.... Only one quarter chose agricultural settlements.
Communities established during the First Aliyah included Rishon LeTzion, Zichron Yaakov, and Yesod HaMa'ale alongside the development of older communities such as Petach Tikva and Rosh Pinna. The french Jewish Baron Edmond DeRothschild, aided the settlements financially, helping them to survive until the 1900s.
Eliezer Ben Yehuda helped adapt the Hebrew Language to modern needs.
The Second Aliyah (1904-1914)
https://www.gov.il/en/departments/guides/the-aliya-story?chapterIndex=3
ca. 35 thousand Jews arrived, mainly from Russia and Poland. The majority of immigrants during the Second Aliyah were single young people, many with a socialist ideology coupled with a belief in the national redemption of the Jewish People in the Land of Israel. More immigrants also arrived from Yemen. The immigrants of the Second Aliyah founded many of the institutions and social and political organizations of the Jewish Yishuv (Settlement). They established several kibbutzim, the city of Tel Aviv, and HaShomer, the first organization to undertake the defense of the Jews in the Land of Israel. They also established the Histadrut (Labor Organization of workers, as well as the first health and welfare organizations.
The Third Aliyah (1919-1923)
https://www.gov.il/en/departments/guides/the-aliya-story?chapterIndex=4
Some 35,000 Jews arrived, the majority from Russia and Poland, with a smaller number from Lithuania and Rumania.
Immigrants of the Third Aliyah continued the efforts of the Second Aliyah, establishing new institutions and organizations, as well as new forms of settlement. Among others, they established the General Federation of Workers and contributed to the founding of the Hagana. The ideal of 'Hebrew Labor' was expressed by the construction of buildings and roads. Immigrants from the Third Aliyah continued to strengthen the existing agricultural infrastructure and even developed new forms of settlement which became kibbutzim and the moshavim ovdim (co-operative agricultural communities).
The Fourth Aliyah (1924-1928)
More than 67,000 immigrants arrived, mainly from Poland, Russia, Romania, and Lithuania. Other groups arrived from Yemen and Iraq.
Many Jews from Poland, who made up a large proportion of the Fourth Aliyah, wanted to leave Poland because of an economic crisis in that country, coupled with heavy taxation imposed upon the Jews. Also during these years, anti-semitism increased throughout Europe, motivating Jews from European countries to immigrate. Many chose to come to the Land of Israel because of the United State's restrictive immigration laws and quotas from 1924.... largely middle-class individuals who had engaged in business, industry, and trade in their native countries. ... the cities, especially Tel Aviv, experience rapid development during this period... new agricultural undertakings, such as citrus cultivation. .. Financial crisis of 1926 led many to leave the country.
The Fifth Aliyah (1929-1939)
https://www.gov.il/en/departments/guides/the-aliya-story?chapterIndex=6
ca 250, 000 Jews arrived.
Between 1933 and 1936 more than 160,000 immigrants arrived legally. Thousands more, unable to immigrate legally due to British restrictions, arrived clandestinely. The majority ...settled in the cities, mainly in Tel Aviv.
After 1948 many more Jews arrived from Yemen, and from other Muslim countries. A good portion of presentday israelis are their descendants.
British Administration.
With the British conquest in 1917, many Jews who had been expelled by the Ottomans were able to return, and Jewish immigration picked up again. The 1921 Jaffa riots and 1929 Palestine riots saw Arab mobs violently attack Jewish population centers, and the tensions culminated in the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, which saw the Arabs launch widespread attacks against both Jews and the British. During this time, land continued to be purchased by Jews, many new Jewish settlements were established and existing Jewish communities in urban areas continued to grow. Tel Aviv in particular saw large-scale development and became a major city. It was home to over a third of the Jewish population by 1939. During this time, tensions with the Arabs increased over Jewish immigration.