Comparisons. Dolmen Types

Megalithic Monuments

Megalithic Findings. The Stones Bear Witness.
'THIS STONE SHALL BE A WITNESS UNTO US' (Joshua 24:27): It was a megalithic monument. One of the characteristics of the Ancient Israelites was the frequent erection of megalithic monuments.
Jeremiah (31:21) commanded us to use the trail of megalithic monuments from the Land of Israel to the west as a proof of Israelite ancestry and migratory paths concerning the Lost Ten Tribes.

Jeremiah (NKJV) 31:
I HAVE SURELY HEARD EPHRAIM BEMOANING HIMSELF:
'YOU HAVE CHASTISED ME, AND I WAS CHASTISED,
LIKE AN UNTRAINED BULL (Hebrew 'aegel' pronounceable as 'Angle' and meaning 'bull-calf';
RESTORE ME, AND I WILL RETURN,
FOR YOU ARE THE LORD MY GOD.
19 SURELY, AFTER MY TURNING, I REPENTED;
AND AFTER I WAS INSTRUCTED, I STRUCK MYSELF ON THE THIGH;
I WAS ASHAMED, YES, EVEN HUMILIATED,
BECAUSE I BORE THE REPROACH OF MY YOUTH.'
20 IS EPHRAIM MY DEAR SON?
IS HE A PLEASANT CHILD?
FOR THOUGH I SPOKE AGAINST HIM,
I EARNESTLY REMEMBER HIM STILL;
THEREFORE MY [E]HEART YEARNS FOR HIM;
I WILL SURELY HAVE MERCY ON HIM, SAYS THE LORD.

21 'SET UP SIGNPOSTS,
MAKE LANDMARKS;
SET YOUR HEART TOWARD THE HIGHWAY,
THE WAY IN WHICH YOU WENT.
TURN BACK, O VIRGIN OF ISRAEL,
TURN BACK TO THESE YOUR CITIES.

The most literal explanation of this verse (31:21) amongst the
Classical Authoritative Rabbinical Commentary include that given by the
"Radak" (Rabbi David Kimchi, 1157-1236) of Narbonne, France. The Radak says:

#"SET YOURSELF UP WAYMARKS" (Jeremiah 31): This was directed to
the Community of Israel, that in the generation when they would be exiled
they should set up waymarks [i.e. "tsionim"] such as PILED-UP STONES OR
STONE MONUMENTS. The purpose of these monuments was to mark the paths [of
migration for the sake of future recognition]. The meaning was to say that
even though you will be exiled, hope is not lost and you are still destined
to return to these your cities. "MAKE YOURSELF HIGH HEAPS" [Hebrew:
"tamrurim"]. The same message is repeated though the wording is changed
since both "tamrurim" [i.e. "high heaps"] and "tsionim" (i.e. "waymarks")
connote elevated-height [from the root "tamar"]...

Bearing in mind that according to the previous verse (31:20)
Jeremiah is addressing himself to Ephraim, the verse in Jeremiah 31:21 may
therefore be understood to say:

"Set yourself up stone monuments [menhirs, dolmens] and high
heaps of stones [cairns] [i.e. Megalithic monuments!]. Set your heart
towards the prepared way: The way in which you went. Turn back o virgin of
Israel, return unto these cities of yours.

Jeremiah is saying that (for whatever reason) the exiled Israelites will have stone
monuments set up. Through these monuments Jeremiah predicts that it will be
possible in the future to learn of the Israelite paths of migration away
from the Land of Israel. Once this is learned it will serve as a means by
which they may be persuaded to return. The inferred commandment to the
exiles to erect "waymarks" ("tsionim") is therefore applicable to the dolmens and other
so-called "Stone-Age" ("Megalithic") monuments. Many of these monuments date
from the Bronze and Iron Age periods. They are mentioned in the Bible as
being set up by the Hebrew Patriarchs and Judges as well as by others.

Through Dolmens a good case may be made for tracing the
migrations of the Lost Ten Tribes to Western Europe.

Abarbanel (1437-1508): # The prophet therefore spoke concerning the Kingdom of Israel [of the Ten Tribes] SET THEE UP WAYMARKS saying that when you g into Exile make signs by the routes and waymarks like piles of rocks [i.e. cairns] or stone monuments [Hebrew: Matzavah, i.e. dolmen] so that you may set your heart to the route and remember in order that you may return in the way you went in, return to your city. #

In an Israeli Article on the "Eye of the Giant" also known as "Rujm el-Hiri" and as "Gilgal Refaim" it was said that the site contained all 12 types of dolmen. I only found one or two on the site itself but in the immediate neighborhood there are very many.

Gilgal Refaim from the air.

Here are some more dolmens mainly from northern Israel:

In Ireland there four different types of dolmen that seem to more or less each pertain to its own district with some overlap between them.

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Leinster

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Court Tomb Donegal, West Ulster.

Creevy Kill, Sligo.

Creevykeel Court Tomb Adapted from AI Overview:

Court tombs are a specific type of megalithic monument found primarily in Ireland and parts of Scotland. These tombs are characterized by an open, semicircular courtyard leading to one or more burial chambers. While Israel has a rich history of megalithic structures, including dolmens and other types of tombs, court tombs are not part of its archaeological record though Rogem, see below, as well being like a passage grave also has features of the Court Tomb.

The court cairn or court tomb is a megalithic type of chambered cairn or gallery grave. More than 390 court cairns were built in Ireland and over 100 in southwest Scotland. The Neolithic (New Stone Age) monuments are identified by an uncovered courtyard connected to one or more roofed and partitioned burial chambers. Many monuments were built in multiple phases in both Ireland and Scotland and later re-used in the Early Bronze Age.

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A Portal tomb, is often regarded as a typical dolmen. It is characterized by a large, flat capstone supported by two or more upright stones, forming a chamber. These tombs are typically found in Ireland, Wales, and Cornwall, and are often covered by a mound of earth or smaller stones. They are believed to date back to the Neolithic period. Think of a tomb with an open door at both ends. The term "tomb" is often used for dolmens and we also follow the example of others and sometimes use it that way. It is not however necessarily correct. Some dolmens seem to have never been used as tombs nor was that necessarily the primary purpose of those that were.

Portal Sligo. North Connaught.

Portal.

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Wedge Dolmens have one end closed off and at the back the sides often converge at an an angle like a wedge.

Wedge, County Clare. North Munster in the south.

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Golan, Israel.

Wedge, Sligo, Ireland.

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Passage Grave. Rogem in the Golan, Israel.

A passage grave is a type of megalithic tomb consisting of one or more burial chambers accessed by a passage, often covered by a mound. While common in Western Europe, they are also found in other regions, including the Levant, with examples in Israel. One notable example is Rujm el-Hiri, also known as Gilgal Rephaim, or "Rogem." Located in the Golan Heights. It's a large, circular structure featuring concentric stone circles and a central burial cairn.

The model below is a reonstructions showing how Rogem probably looked.