Isaiah (TCB) 60.
Isaiah 60: 7 ALL THE SHEEP OF KEDAR SHALL BE GATHERED TO YOU, THE RAMS OF NEBAIOTH SHALL SERVE YOU; THEY SHALL BE OFFERED UP WITH ACCEPTANCE UPON MY ALTAR, AND I WILL GLORIFY MY GLORIOUS HOUSE.
Kedar and Nebaioth were sons of Ishmael.
See:
Afghans and Israel
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/peoples/afghans.html
[Genesis 25:13] AND THESE ARE THE NAMES OF THE SONS OF ISHMAEL, BY THEIR NAMES, ACCORDING TO THEIR GENERATIONS: THE FIRSTBORN OF ISHMAEL, NEBAJOTH; AND KEDAR, AND ADBEEL, AND MIBSAM,
Who is Kedar today?
Summarized Extracts (adapted slightly) from “Ephraim” by Yair Davidi (Davidiy), Revised Edition, (2001).
AMERICA AND KEDAR
The Nephtalite Cadussi were descended from the Israelite Tribe of Naphtali. They were also known as Gaeli and as Hephtali and as the White Huns. The Cadussi were in the West Iranian region. Later the Nephtalites (Kadassaye) were to be reported from eastern Scythia. The Nephtalites in Eastern Scythia ruled over the Kidari and are sometimes confused with them2. The Kidari or Kedari were also confused with the Khazars. The Nephtalites eventually migrated mainly to Scandinavia apart from split‑off groups who amalgamated with the Khazars or moved through Persia into Syria and from there to Yemen where they Judaized and attached themselves to the local Jewish communities. The Khazars according to their own traditions were descended from part of the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel. In the Scythian and Iranian regions the sounds for "d" and "z" could interchange which is why the Kazars and Kidaris were apt to be confused with each other. On some maps the Crimea (which the Kazars once dominated) is referred to as Kedar. The Kedarites sons of Ishmael appear to have last been recorded of to the east of the Caspian Sea and to have disappeared.
Certain passages in the Prophets dealing with the Lost Ten Tribes also recall Kedar in the sense that the land or possessions of Kedar shall accrue to Israel. Kedar was a son of Ishmael and as such would normally be linked with Arabia except that Arabia does not fit the context in all of the relevant prophecies whereas North America does. The possibility that Kedar is linked in the Biblical sense with North America and could Scripturally be considered the land of Kedar will therefore be examined.
Ishmael (the father of Kedar) was the son of Abraham and Hagar the Egyptian maidservant of Sarah (Genesis 16;15). Many of the descendants of Ishmael settled in Arabia especially in the central section. They also participated in the actual or attempted Arabicisation and Islamicisation of the Middle East, Persia, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, North Africa, and Spain. The descendants of Ishmael are consequently scattered throughout these areas as well as being concentrated in Arabia.
Kedar was one of the sons of Ishmael. "Kedar" in Hebrew implies "Darkness". Mohammed is said to have been descended from Kedar1. Tiglathpileser king of Assyria who initiated the exile and re‑settlement of many nations also warred against the Arabs as well as using Arab tribes in his auxiliary forces. Amongst the Arab tribes encountered by Tiglathpileser were the Kedarites. Branches of the Kedarites and Aribi in Assyrian and Persian times were to be recalled in the East Iranian area. The Kidarites in eastern Scythia present a picture of a predatory nomadic somewhat primitive people. They were not especially formidable and therefore no match for the merciless Turkic, Mongolian, and similar entities that were to make inroads into the region. Like other peoples of that area, in order to survive the Kedarites would have had to move out.
THE SONS OF KEDAR IN NORTH AMERICA
It is hereby proposed that the KEDARITES WENT TO NORTH AMERICA AND THAT IN SOME BIBLICAL PROPHECIES "KEDAR" REFERS TO NORTH AMERICA.
The grounds for this proposal are that:
1. The Siberian Connection: The Kidarites were located in what is now Siberia and from there the bulk of North American Indians appear to have originally come.
There did therefore exist a recognized migratory path between Siberia and North America and this path was in use.
Additional points linking "Kedar" with the Red Indians of North America include:
2. Racial Factors: Some Red Indian tribes have facial features similar to those known from the Middle East and the Mediterranean area.
DNA tests (for what they are worth) on the whole show an Amerindian link to Mongolian populations in Asia especially Siberia. They also indicate in some populations the existence of minority elements from Europe and the Middle East.
3. Archaeological and Cultural Similarities to the Old World: It may be that some of the observed similarities between the Red Indians and Middle East entities are due to the Kidarites sons of Ishmael having settled amongst them. In addition to Kedar another son of Ishmael was Nebajot from who emerged the Nabataean Arabs. A comparison between the Nebataeans and such desert Indian groups as the Navajo could well yield surprising results. The civilizations of the two groups show some similarities as well as the choice of habitat. It is interesting to note that E.G. Stewart4 traces the name "Navajo" to a Central Asian root "Nava" meaning town and in Hebrew the name of Nabajot son of Ishmael may be understood as a plural of "Naveh" connoting pleasant place for settlement.
4. Similarities to Hamitic and Semitic Arabs and Historical Contacts: Ishmael was the son of Hagar the Egyptian and as such partly a descendant of Ham son of Noah. Ishmael married a Hamitic woman from Egypt (Genesis 21;21) and in Arabia probably further intermixed with Hamitic groups. The Berbers of North Africa are also Hamitic and a similarity exists between them and the Red Indians of North America5.
Kedar was one of the sons of Ishmael and some of the Arabs are descended from Kedar. Recent studies by Barry Fell and his followers claim that Arab boats traded with the west coast of North America hundreds of years BCE. “Petroglyphs in California, Nevada, and South Idaho prove the Arabs and their culture flourished over here.” Some Amerindian dialects are claimed to have been similar to Arabic ones.
In addition to the work by Barry Fell and his followers other researchers have discussed the Arab Sea connection with the American continents. A lot of work has recently been done in this area and some of it should be accepted.
For example:
# The descendants of the Muslim visitors of North America are members of the present Iroquois, Algonquin, Anasazi, Hohokam and Olmec native people.
# There are 565 names of places (villages, towns, cities, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc.) in USA (484) and Canada (81) which are derived from Islamic and Arabic roots. These places were originally named by the natives in pre-Columbian period. #
Source: MUSLIMS IN THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS by Dr. Youssef Mroueh.
Israelites were also present amongst some of the Amerindians. They too may be considered part of the Exile of Kedar that is connected with the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel as discussed below.
5. The Wars of Genghis Khan: Recent studies indicate that there were other relatively recent migratory connexions between East Asia and the American Continent. The whereabouts of the Kidari in North America is linked to these movements. One work (amongst many) worthy of notice in this connection is: "The Dene And Na‑Dene Indian Migration 1233 A.D.", by Ethel G. Stewart (1991). The authoress demonstrates how certain Indian Tribes in Canada and the U.S.A. including the Apaches, Navajo, and many others were originally part of a host that fought against the Mongolian Genghis Khan in East Asia. They were defeated, conquered, and then fled via China by boat to North America in 1233 CE. The names Haida6 and Dene applied to Amerindian groups traceable to Central AsiaY7 are Israelite Nephtalite Tribal names. The Nephtalites had either once conquered forerunners of these groups in Central Asia or else had been in an area of their settlement before them. Amongst peoples in Central Asia subdued by the Nephtalites before the Nephtalites moved westwards were the Kidarites.
6. Linguistic Evidence: "A Creolized Base In Uto‑Aztec", by Brian Stubbs (1988) brings linguistic evidence indicating that Indian languages such as Shoshone, Paiute, Ute, Comanche, Hopi, Aztec, and others are composite tongues deriving in part from a branch of West Semitic which is the type of tongue the Kidari would have originally employed*o;
7. Biblical Linguistics: Kedar in Hebrew means darkness. The verse in the Song of Solomon 1:5 associating blackness with the tents of Kedar is a play on words: "I am black, but comely,.. as the tents of Kedar..." The Vikings called North America "Markland" which is said to mean "Land of the Dark"8. The Lost Ten Tribes were exiled (according to Talmudic tradition) to a place where "Clouds" covered them or to the "Mountains of Darkness". These terms were applicable to Mannae, the Caucasus, Crimea, Scandinavia, and other areas of Cimmerian settlement. In a Conceptual‑Figurative sense (as demonstrated elsewhere in this work) the terms were ultimately applicable to North America.
8. Scriptural Consistency: The Bible speaks of Kedar several times and there are Prophetical passages that fit the North American reality better than any other solution. An influential element from Kedar in the male line was superimposed on existing populations. This is enough in order to justify identification with Kedar from the Biblical perspective.
KEDAR IN ISAIAH 60
Isaiah (ch.60) speaks of the Israelite exiles returning in the Latter Days to their own land. The reference to Zion (60:14) and other matters indicate that the description includes returnees from Judah.
"THE MULTITUDE OF CAMELS SHALL COVER THEE, THE DROMEDARIES OF MEDIAN AND EPHAH; ALL THEY FROM SHEBAH SHALL COME: THEY SHALL BRING GOLD AND INCENSE ..(60;6)
"ALL THE FLOCKS OF KEDAR SHALL BE GATHERED TOGETHER UNTO THEE, THE RAMS OF NEBAIOTH SHALL MINISTER UNTO THEE...(60:7)."
"WHO ARE THESE THAT FLY AS A CLOUD..(60:8).
"SURELY THE ISLES SHALL HASTEN UNTO ME, THE SHIPS OF TARSHISH FIRST…TO BRING THY SONS FROM FAR...(60:9).
Camels from Median and Ephah if accepted literally can only really apply to the Arabs of the Middle East bringing tribute. Even so, a figurative (in part) application of the description to some extent is also feasible. "Shebah" with her gold and incense is a term applicable (in some passages) to both India and South Africa, as well as to Southern Arabia. A note of interest is that Afghan traders with their camels were introduced into Australia in the 1800s. These camels went wild in the vast Australian Desert and multiplied. Recently all of the camels of Saudia Arabia were infected with a terrible venereal disease and had to be replaced with new stock from Australia.
"Flocks of Kedar" and "rams of Nebaioth" which shall be gathered unto the Israelites had an importance at the time the prophecy was first pronounced parallel to the flocks of Northern America and Australia today. The Navajo Indians may have received their name from Nabaioth brother of Kedar. The word translated as “flocks” from the Hebrew word “tzon” is applicable to both flocks of sheep and herds of cattle. Australia and North America are the largest commercial breeders of sheep and cattle. In other words the above passage does not contradict the suggested identification of Kedar with North America: The Prophets were wont to describe real-life realities of their own age and by amplification apply them to the future. To some degree all descriptions were of necessity delivered in terms of what was also applicable to their own times. Taken in the context of other identifications made, the North American equation with Kedar, is applicable.