Parallels

After the publication of "The Tribes" in 1993, various personalities made contact with us. These included Christian activists who already believed that the Lost Ten Tribes were to be found among Western Peoples.
See:
The History of Brit-Am.
https://www.britam.org/BAhistory.html
Several of those who contacted us were, or had been, associated with the Church of Herbert W. Armstrong and/or one of its offshoots.
A short discussion of those involved with this phenomenon may be of interest.
Note that several times in this article we speak of "British Israel." By this we mean the classical teachings of British Israel as it was in the past. It should not be confused with the present-day British Israel World Federation (BIWF) which though still officially espousing British Israel doctrines in practice concentrates on other matters.

The article below concerns certain Christian organizations and personalites, specifically Church of God (COG) and "Ephraimite" ones, with an emphasis on those who had an impact on Brit-Am, or otherwise contacted us. There were others. Some we have left out. Others we may have forgotten.

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2. Herbert W. Armstrong

Herbert W. Armstrong (1892 - 1986) was an American Christian evangelist who founded the Radio Church of God afterwards renamed the Worldwide Church of God (WCG)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_W._Armstrong
Armstrong's teachings required observance of parts of the Mosaic Law including seventh-day Sabbath, dietary prohibitions, and the covenant law "Holy Days". He also proclaimed that behind contemporary world events loomed various Biblical prophecies, interpreted in light of British Israelism.

Armstong authored "The United States and Britain in Prophecy."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_in_Prophecy

"... many have claimed by comparison texts that most of its content came from an existing book called Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright by J. H. Allen which was originally published in 1902."

Armstong had a radio program known as The World Tomorrow. He also published a popular magazine "The Plain Truth" along with other magazines and numerous booklets.

Armstrong taught a form of British Israelism, which is the belief that those of Western European descent, notably England (Ephraim) and the United States (Manasseh), are direct descendants of the ancient northern Kingdom of Israel.

Dr. Herman L. Hoeh (1928-2004) was an important follower and employee of Herbert W. Armstrong and his church. He was also a researcher in his own right. We had sent Dr. Hoed a copy of "The Tribes" about 6 months after it was published. He rang us up in Israel and congratulated us. He also recommended to several of his students that they purchase the work.

See: Article by Hoeh-1.

The son of Armstong, Garner Ted Armstrong, and others such as Bill Dankenbring (d. 2017) founder of Triumph Prophetic Ministries had founded groups of their own before the death of Herbert W.A.
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3. Garner Ted Armstrong

Garner Ted Armstrong (1930 - 2003) was quite successful. Very many people, including individuals of importance, all over the world listened to his broadcasts on Radio and TV. Eventually however he dropped, or at least downgraded, the British Israel aspects of his teachings.
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4. Bill Dankenbring

Bill Dankenbring (d. 2017) founder of Triumph Prophetic Ministries, wrote quite prolifically on a number of Issues. He identified the USA as Ephraim and Britain as Manasseh. Bill Dankenbring had insights of value. Among other works, he published "America and Great Britain -Our Identity" (2005) with its 450 B4 sized pages. Bill ordered for re-sale to his followers, a relatively large number of Brit-Am works, e.g. "The Tribes," and "Ephraim," and "Lost Israelite Identity." Yair Davidiy spoke to him a number of times on the phone. From what I remember we discussed recent archaeological findings.

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5. Some of the Inheritors

After HWA died, Joseph W. Tkach became the head of his Church. He introduced numerous changes. This result in several break-away groups emerging. Tkach also abandoned official acceptance of the belief that the Ten Tribes are in the west.

The Philadelphia Church of God (PCG) founded by Gerald Flurry continues the legacy of HWA along with new teachings.

Darrell W. Conder wrote works of interest chiefly on the pagan origins of conventional Christianity. At one stage he made contact with Brit-Am.

Dr. Roderick C. Meredith founded the Living Church of God (LCG). He continued the belief in British Israelism, i.e. the Anglo-American people are descended from the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, specifically Ephraim and Manasseh and are the possessors of the birthright promises and accompanying blessings of Abraham's descendants, through his grandson Jacob. Other countries believed to be Israelite are Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Belgium, France, Netherlands, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, and Denmark.

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6. Raymond F. McNair

Raymond F. McNair founded the Church of God, 21st Century.
The Church of God in 2010 published "America and Britain in Prophecy," by Raymond F. McNair (1930-2008), edited by Eve McNair. This work brings up important points, and quotes from Yair Davidy several times. Yair Davidiy sent a copy of the work by Raymond F. McNair to his parents before they passed away. The parents of Yair were quite pleased with it.

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7. Steven Collins and Craig White

Steven Collins and Craig White are both associated with these groups or those similar to them.
They have written very important works on Biblical, Historical, and Ten Tribe matters.
They have also supported Brit-Am from the beginning and befriended us.

Another phenomenon of interest is that among Anglo-Saxon and West European converts to Orthodox Judaism it is not unusual to find former members of one of the Armstrong groups.

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8. The Hebrew Roots Movement and the Ephraimites.

Agnus and Batya Wootten described themselves as Gentile breakaways from Messianic Judaism. They, or their followers, were however also influenced by Armstrong and/or his students.
Agnus and Batya Wootten helped give rise to The Hebrew Roots Movement and the Ephraimites.

They seem to have first given rise to the "The Two House Doctrine" which allocated separate Biblical Destinies or Aptitudes to Judah (the Jews) on one hand and "Ephraim" (the Ten Tribes) on the other.

See:
The Hebrew Roots Movement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Roots

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9. Eddie Chumney and the Ephramites

Eddie Chumney is a prominent personality in the Hebrew Roots Movement. Eddie helped Brit-Am to a great deal in the past. He sponsored the publication of several of our works and also rendered us additional assistance.

The so-called Ephraimite Movement, as explained to us by Eddie Chumney, was inspired by several speakers and leaders who spontaneously sprang up and have a "circuit" of followers. Their membership is usually an informal one without a fixed hierarchy and it overlaps with that of the Hebrew Roots Movement.
They believe in Lost Ten Tribe Brit-Am type teachings but also concentrate on Christian Theology.

They also try not to emphasize physical descent but rather a kind of spiritual belonging.

We have quite a few articles concerning Eddie Chumney and the Ephraimites, see a list of them at Ephraimites.

In Israel, especially the Jerusalem area, one will find many English-speaking ("Anglophone") Christians. In addition there are those from Germany, or the Netherlands, etc, who for social reasons often associate with English-speakers. Many of these would prefer not to be defined though often calling themselves Ephraimites.

Ephraim Frank is a prominent teacher and lecturer in this group. Ephraim was assocoaited with Brit-Am in its early days.

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10. Brit-Am and Yair Davidiy

Brit-Am headed by Yair Davidiy tries to avoid inter-faith dialogue and doctrinal matters. We endeavor to deliver a message true to the Hebrew Bible. We hold that the Lost Ten Tribes are today PHYSICALLY largely among Western Peoples. Once this knowledge is more widespread and accepted then the better for everyone. At present we are struggling on occasion to get by BUT we hope to publish more books, reprint new editions of old ones, and also perhaps open up a web-site in the Hebrew Language.

Yair Davidiy believes in Judaism and lives an Ultra-Orthodox Jewish type lifestyle. Yair has spent most of his adult life in Israel in Jewish Orthodox communities. Yair Davidiy has met with Rabbis and is careful not to impose Jewish Orthodox beliefs and practices on non-Jews. Brit-Am is considered a "Kosher" movement. within the accepted Pale of Jewish teachings.

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11. End Times Re-Union and Division of the Land According to Individual Tribes

Brit-Am sees the future of the Ten Tribes as remaining as separate Hebrew entities.

Ezekiel (NASB) 37:
21 Say to them, 'Thus says the LORD God, 'Behold, I will take the sons of Israel from among the nations where they have gone, and I will gather them from every side and bring them into their own land; 22 and I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel; and one king will be king for all of them; and they will no longer be two nations and no longer be divided into two kingdoms. 23 They will no longer defile themselves with their idols, or with their detestable things, or with any of their transgressions; but I will deliver them from all their 'dwelling places in which they have sinned, and will cleanse them. And they will be My people, and I will be their God.

We see from the above that in the End Times the Israelites (i.e. Judah and the Ten tribes) will unite and no longer be two separate nations.

On the other hand each Israelite Tribe will dwell separately from the other.

Ezekiel (NASB) 47:
13 Thus says the LORD God, 'This shall be the boundary by which you shall divide the land for an inheritance among the twelve tribes of Israel; Joseph shall have two portions. 14 You shall divide it for an inheritance, each one [i]equally with the other; for I swore to give it to your forefathers, and this land shall fall to you as an inheritance.

21 So you shall divide this land among yourselves according to the tribes of Israel. 22 You shall divide it by lot for an inheritance among yourselves and among the aliens who stay in your midst, who bring forth sons in your midst. And they shall be to you as the native-born among the sons of Israel; they shall be allotted an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. 23 And in the tribe with which the alien stays, there you shall give him his inheritance,' declares the LORD God.

Ezekiel (NASB) 48:
1 Now these are the names of the tribes: from the northern extremity... Dan, one portion. 2 Beside the border of Dan, from the east side to the west side, Asher, one portion. 3 Beside the border of Asher, from the east side to the west side, Naphtali, one portion. 4 Beside the border of Naphtali, from the east side to the west side, Manasseh, one portion. 5 Beside the border of Manasseh, from the east side to the west side, Ephraim, one portion. 6 Beside the border of Ephraim, from the east side to the west side, Reuben, one portion. 7 Beside the border of Reuben, from the east side to the west side, Judah, one portion.....

23 As for the rest of the tribes: from the east side to the west side, Benjamin, one portion. 24 Beside the border of Benjamin, from the east side to the west side, Simeon, one portion. 25 Beside the border of Simeon, from the east side to the west side, Issachar, one portion. 26 Beside the border of Issachar, from the east side to the west side, Zebulun, one portion. 27 Beside the border of Zebulun, from the east side to the west side, Gad, one portion. 28 And beside the border of Gad, at the south side toward the south, the border shall be from Tamar to the waters of Meribath-kadesh, to the brook of Egypt, to the Great Sea. 29 This is the land which you shall divide by lot to the tribes of Israel for an inheritance, and these are their several portions, declares the LORD God.

Christian Church Links to Brit-Am Type Teachings