Brit-Am Anthropology, DNA Update, and Creation Science. 14 October 2024, 12 Tishrei, 5785.
Contents:
1. Did Viking DNA Change?
2. Jewish mt(Female) DNA like
Italy, Germany and the British Isles!
3. Vikings were not necessarily Scandinavians!
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1. Did Viking DNA Change?
Brit-Am asked:
Why is ancient non-Scandinavian Viking DNA not found in descendants of Vikings in Scandinavia and the British Isles? Could this mean that DNA may change?
An AI feature answer:
Assistant Poe (Quora):
It's not accurate to say that ancient non-Scandinavian Viking DNA is entirely absent in descendants of Vikings in Scandinavia and the British Isles. While the majority of genetic ancestry in these regions comes from Scandinavian and Germanic populations, there are traces of other ancestries, including from the areas where Vikings travelled and raided.
Here's why it's complex:
Viking raids were not just about conquest: While Vikings did engage in raiding and pillaging, they also traded, explored, and settled in various parts of Europe and beyond. This resulted in intermixing with local populations.
Genetic mixing over time: Over generations, the genetic contributions from these non-Scandinavian populations became diluted through intermarriage and the passing down of genes. This is a natural process in any population that experiences migration and mixing.
DNA analysis limitations: While genetic testing has advanced, it's still challenging to pinpoint specific origins with absolute certainty, especially for ancient DNA.
DNA doesn't change: It's important to understand that DNA itself doesn't change within a person's lifetime. However, genetic mutations can occur during the process of reproduction, and these mutations can be passed down to future generations. This is how genetic diversity arises over time.
In summary: While the dominant genetic ancestry in Scandinavia and the British Isles is Scandinavian and Germanic, there are traces of other ancestries from Viking interactions with other populations. This is a result of genetic mixing over centuries, not a change in DNA itself.
Brit-Am Commentary:
It sounds like they do not really know!
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2. Jewish mt(Female) DNA like
Italy, Germany and the British Isles!
A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages
Marta D. Costa,
Joana B. Pereira,
Maria Pala, etc.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3543
Note:
"The closest nesting lineages are from Italy, Germany and the British Isles," means they probably broke off from the same parent branch.
Extract:
The K1a1b1 lineages within which the K1a1b1a sequences nest (including 19 lineages of known ancestry) are solely European, pointing to an ancient European ancestry. The closest nesting lineages are from Italy, Germany and the British Isles, with other subclades of K1a1b1 including lineages from west and Mediterranean Europe and one Hutterite (Hutterites trace their ancestry to sixteenth-century Tyrol)26. Typing/HVS-I results have also indicated several from Northwest Africa, matching European HVS-I types2, likely the result of gene flow from Mediterranean Europe. K1a1b1a is also present at low frequencies in Spanish-exile Sephardic Jews, but absent from non-European Jews, including a database of 289 North African Jews2,25.
K1a1b1a (slightly re-defined, due to the improved resolution of the new tree) (Fig. 2) accounts for 63% of Ashkenazi K lineages (or ~20% of total Ashkenazi lineages) and dates to ~4.4 ka with maximum likelihood (ML); however, all of the samples within it, except for one, nest within a further subclade, K1a1b1a1, dating to ~2.3 ka (Supplementary Data 2). K1a1b1a1 is also present in non-Ashkenazi samples, mostly from central/east Europe. As they are nested by Ashkenazi lineages, these are likely due to gene flow from Ashkenazi communities into the wider population. The pattern of gene flow out into the neighbouring communities is seen in the other two major K founders, and also in haplogroups H and J; it is especially clear when the nesting and nested populations are more distinct, for example in the case of haplogroup HV1b, which has a deep ancestry in the Near East
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3. Vikings were not necessarily Scandinavians!
Ancient DNA reveals the truth about Vikings - BBC REEL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kEYYOQpTVQ
The Vikings had a mishmash of genes from all over Europe
Written by Kristian Sjrogren
https://sciencenews.dk/en/the-vikings-had-a-mishmash-of-genes-from-all-over-europe
Extracts:
The Vikings were not the blonde and genetically pure Norse that many might imagine. A new study paints a more nuanced picture of Scandinavian ancestry.
Even the Vikings who lived in Scandinavia were a genetic agglomeration of ancestry from the southernmost southern Europe, the easternmost eastern Europe, the far north and the British Isles.
'The people living in Scandinavia today are more blonde than the Vikings. The vast majority were dark-haired. In addition, Vikings throughout Europe were very rarely 100% Vikings genetically. Instead, they were mixtures of various ancestry, ranging from southern Europeans to the Sami people in the northernmost regions,' explains a researcher behind the study, Eske Willerslev, Professor and Director, Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen.
Sequenced genomes of the remains of 442 Vikings
The researchers carried out the largest genomic mapping of Viking remains from all of Europe.
They extracted DNA from the bones of 442 remains of Vikings and carried out whole-genome sequencing, enabling them to compare Viking DNA with both modern DNA and ancient DNA from other peoples in Europe.
Further, the researchers linked the genetic discoveries to archaeological findings from the excavations in which the bones were found.
The result is unprecedented and detailed insight into who had children with whom more than a millennium ago, where people went and what they brought back with them.
The Vikings often reproduced with people from other parts of the world. Sometimes they settled outside Scandinavia and influenced the genetic composition of the people there; at other times, they returned to Scandinavia and brought genetic and appearance traits with them,� explains Eske Willerslev.
In fact, the research shows that the entire genetic mix, which dispersed across Europe in the Bronze Age and even as early as after the Neolithic era of the Stone Age, largely passed by the inland people in Sweden during the Viking Age.
�The Vikings lived at the coast, and genetically they were a completely different people than the agrarian societies inland. The inland inhabitants were more similar to the peasants who lived in Europe several thousand years earlier than they were to the Vikings. One could almost say that these peasants genetically missed the entire Iron and Bronze Ages,� explains co-author Ashot Margaryan, Assistant Professor, Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen.
Vikings from Denmark, Norway and Sweden did not mix
The researchers also found interesting patterns in how the Viking genes dispersed in Europe.
They examined the genes of the Vikings that archaeologists have found around Europe and discovered that the Vikings living in what is now modern Denmark largely raided or settled in England. The Vikings in the territory of modern Sweden raided the Baltic countries, and the Vikings in modern Norway raided in Ireland, Iceland and Greenland.
Nevertheless, the Vikings from these three territories very rarely mixed with each other reproductively, but kept to themselves, without the researchers being able to explain why.
A final result shows that some Vikings in Europe were not Vikings at all genetically.
For example, bones found in an apparent Viking tomb in Scotland, in which the swords and symbols seem to indicate Viking culture, show that the bones belonged to a person who had no genetic commonality with the Vikings. The person just embraced the culture.
Elsewhere in such places as England, Ireland and Scotland, the researchers found that the people who lived there had Viking genes but did not live by the norms of Viking culture.
"People have moved around Europe, so genes and culture have mixed for millennia. But we took a snapshot of the Viking Age and determined the genetic picture at that time compared with that at the end of the Viking Age. The result shows very clearly that the Vikings both influenced and were influenced by people from all over Europe culturally and genetically," says Eske Willerslev.