Brit-Am Anthropology and DNA Update (4 April 2013, Nissan 24, 5773)
Contents:
1. New Findings. Were the Nial (Galli) of Ireland and Scotland from the Tribe of Dan?
2. Information about Redheads
3. One in ten Scots men descended from Picts By SHAN ROSS
====
====
1. New Findings. Were the Nial (Galli) of Ireland and Scotland from the Tribe of Dan?
John D. McLaughlin  presented a summary of a paper by Klyosov and Conroy which we could not access but may do so soon.
Below is our synopsis of the summary in question as we understood it. On some points it may not be accurate.
R1b1c7 also known as M222 is the Y haplogroup associated with the Galli who once ruled over most of Ireland and part of Scotland. They are often linked to the descendants of Nial since families with traditions of descent from Nial usually belong to this haplogroup. The main concentrations of this group is in Ireland (especially the northwest) and southwest Scotland. There are less M222 in England, but they are older indicating that the ancestors of them all came from the area now known as England. The ones in England may have descended from immigrants who came from France or else a few of them went to France at an early date.
The ancestor of them all have been one male who lived in England at about 1BCE-1CE. Some 400-500 years later another single male gave rise to the M222 in Ireland and Scotland.
There are four regional areas of historical concentration of M222 or its immediate forebears:
(a) South West England, or Devon,
(b) Central/ South West Scotland,
(c) Derry area of Northern Ireland,
(d) Midlands/South East Ireland.
We find one group, the Dumnonii (Fir Domnann, or Laigin) associated with all these areas.
The Connachata emerged from the Dumnonii and the U-Nial (sons of Nial) came from the Connachta.
Remarks by Brit-Am
The problem with this is that the Damnonni were recorded by Ptolemy in southwest England and the Damnonni in Scotland.
Ptolemy lived c. 90 - c. 168 CE. He is believed to have used sources from previous centuries.
In other words they are present in the said regions centuries before their putative ancestors?
At all events the Dumnonii and Damnonni were already a well-developed entity in his time.
Other names associated with this group are Danonni and Defene. In our work "The Tribes" we identify the Damnonni and associated groups with the Tribe of Dan.
====
====
2. Information about Redheads
 Charlene Mathe wrote:
Hi Yair -
Re the Urumchi [eastern Scythia] mummies?
 I think there can be no denying the connection between these weavers of 2000 BCE and modern Scots. They had red hair and were very tall.
Here is information on red heads that I got off of Facebook. It is not attributed to a source:
Did you Know?
--Red hair is a genetic mutation.
--Red hair is seen on the heads of only 4 % of people. Most in the UK, Ireland and Australia.
--In the US, only 2% of people have red hair.
--Redheads have a specific gene called the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), found on the 16th chromosome. This single gene is responsible for red hair.
This wasn't discovered until the late 1990's.
--Redheads sometimes require up to 20% more anesthesia, concluding that we are much harder to sedate.
--Redheads have always been thought untrustworthy.
Judas is depicted as a redhead displaying the first prejudice against red hair.
--Bees are thought to sting redheads more than others.
--In ancient Egypt, red hair was seen as so unlucky, red-haired girls were burned alive.
--In medieval Europe, the infamous witch-hunting manual, Malleus Maleficarum, instructed that red hair and green eyes were marks of a witch, as were freckles, which redheads tend to have aplenty.
--Redheads tend to bleed more, due to slightly different clotting factors, which again is a genetic factor.
--Redheads bruise more easily than people with different colored hair.
--Common Redhead stereotypes are: bad temper, sexual fire, untrustworthy, being smart and eccentric.
--In Denmark, it is a high honor to have a redheaded child.
--The redheaded gene is recessive, so red hair can show up many generations later. It takes both parents carrying the specific gene to produce a redheaded child.
--Because of the rare pigment in our hair, it is often harder to dye red hair and usually takes longer.
--It is said that while in Poland, if you pass three red-heads you'll win the state lottery.
--If a man with dark hair has a red-headed beard (such as Daniel) they are more likely to carry at least one different copy of the red haired gene. (obviously.)
--There is a belief that redheads are prone to industrial deafness. This actually could be true as the melanocytes are found in the middle ear.
--In the late 16th century, the fat of a redheaded man was an essential ingredient for poison.
--There have been studies done to confirm whether or not redheads are more prone to become addicts than those with blond or brunette colored locks. It is thought to be so.
--Red haired/blue eyed combinations are said to be one of the rarest combinations. It is usually more common to see a redhead with brown or green eyes than with blue.
====
====
3. One in ten Scots men descended from Picts By SHAN ROSS
http://tinyurl.com/cw4gkdm
http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/one-in-ten-scots-men-descended-from-picts-1-2855561
Extracts:
The Picts inhabited territory north of the Forth and Clyde.
Published on Monday 25 March 2013 07:40
A RECENTLY discovered DNA marker suggests that 10 per cent of Scottish men are directly descended from the Picts, it is revealed today.
Mystery has long surrounded the fate of the tribe of fierce enigmatic people who battled with Rome's legions before seeming to disappear from history.
Now new research from ScotlandsDNA, an ancestry testing company, has found a marker strongly suggesting for the first time that a large number of descendants of these northern tribes, known as 'Picti' by the Romans meaning 'Painted Ones', are living in Scotland.
Dr Jim Wilson, chief scientist at the company, who found a Y chromosome marker arising amongst the direct ancestors of the Picts, said this was the 'first evidence that the heirs of the Picts are living among us'. After testing this new fatherline marker labelled R1b-S530 in more than 3,000 British and Irish men, Dr Wilson discovered it is ten times more common in those with Scottish grandfathers than those with English grandfathers.
While ten per cent of more than 1,000 Scottish men tested carry R1b-S530, only 0.8 per cent of Englishmen have it.
About 3 per cent of men in Northern Ireland carry the lineage, but it was only seen once in more than 200 men from the Republic of Ireland.
It is believed the presence in Northern Ireland is due to the plantations of Lowland Scots in the 16th and 17th centuries. This is a pattern usually seen with markers that appear to be restricted to Scotland.
Dr Wilson, who is also a senior lecturer in population and disease genetics at the University of Edinburgh, said this difference is highly statistically significant and can be applied to the general population as clear evidence of a very Scottish marker. ...
Dr Wilson added: 'As you go up your family tree there are all sorts of paths. But if we can see that about 10 per cent of fatherlines look to have a Pictish origin, then we can make the prediction that probably a lot of the other lines do.'
Ancient Pictland is often defined by historians as the area where Pictish symbol stones and Pictish place-names, such as those that have the prefix Pit or Pett are found. This heartland lies in Scotland north of the Forth and stones and pit-names are seen particularly in Fife, Perthshire, Tayside, the Northeast and around the Moray Firth coastlands. Within Scotland there is a strong concentration of the R1b-S530 group in those very same areas.
The Picts were a confederation of tribes who lived north of the Forth and Clyde beyond the reach of the Roman Empire.
They constituted the largest kingdom in Dark Age Scotland and fought off both the Romans and Angles.
They were first mentioned by a Roman chronicler in about 300AD and were a dominant force in what is now Scotland for at least 600 years. By the late 200s AD the Picts had overrun the northern frontier of the Roman empire on more than one occasion. Their neighbours were the Gaels, Britons, Angles and the Vikings.
The Picts were assumed to have 'disappeared'. But this version of history has since been updated and it is now believed they were overtaken by political events becoming assimilated by incoming Scots invading from Ireland.