Brit-Am Anthropology and DNA Update (24 March, 2015, 4 Nisan, 5775)
Contents:
1. Environmental Influence on R1b in Africa and Europe or Not?
2. Martin Lightfoot: How Jewish (J) DNA and European (R) May be derived from One Another
3. Extracts from: The Genetic Origin of the Nations
(a) Australian Aborigines, Maoris, and Mongols All Linked?
(b) Japanese and Tibetans
4. Evolutionary Sociology: Genetic pacification of Western Europeans
5. Changes in Head Shape.
(a) Brachycephalization in Japan has ceased
(b) Samurai Had Broadest Heads!
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1. Environmental Influence on R1b in Africa and Europe or Not?
Mark Williams wrote:
Re: R1B in SubSaharan West Africa
http://hebrewnations.com/features/bamad/bamad115.html
#3. Egyptian Pharaohs: What YDNA haplogroups did they belong to?
http://hebrewnations.com/features/bamad/bamad118.html
#2. R1b in Africa and Elsewhere; The Atlantic Modal Haplotype of Western Europe. A Possible Egyptian and Assyria Link?
Hi Yair
After consulting my Collins Atlas of the World, I'm struggling to find
any climactic or environmental similarities between Northern Europe and
the region of Africa occupied by the Kanem-Bornu Empire. So I think
environment can be ruled out as a determining factor in this case.
Which would leave breeding as the most plausible option.
It'd be interesting to know what part the people of the K-BE played in
the transatlantic slave trade, particularly their aristocracy and
merchant classes. Were they mainly the sellers or the sold?
Shalom!
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Brit-Am Reply:
Yes. It might be worth while determining what degree of Chad R1b is present amongst Afro-Americans.
As for climate and environment being similar apparently we did not express ourselves with sufficient clarity.
Speculating and Comparing Maps of R1b DNA in Europe and Africa we find:
http://www.britam.org/WorldR1b.jpg
Both have small peaks at their eastern extremities after which they quickly decrease but then go up again reaching peaks in the west.
Both have their peaks in the west close to the Atlantic ocean.
They are separated by an arid region.
They both peak in areas that have more moisture.
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2. Martin Lightfoot: How Jewish (J) DNA and European (R) May be derived from One Another
British-Israel and Genetics
Various Authors
http://www.british-israel.ca/BI%20Genetics.htm
The Israel Identity Haplogroup Issue
by Martin Lightfoot
Extract:
The haplogroups "J1 & J2" largely associated with Jews could have developed from R1b simply by loss of the extra DNA information that distinguishes J from R. Furthermore, the Jews who are largely from the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi (Ezra 1:5) have been separated for some 3,000 years from the Ten Tribes.
The length of separation together with inevitable foreign infusion on both sides, environmental influences, genetic drift, etc, is more than enough to explain any differences that may exist between the two bodies.
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Moreover, some combination can occur between the Y and X chromosomes.
The Stanford School of Medicine (www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=295) suggests that the "Y" chromosome not only recombines with up to 5% of the "X", it also recombines with its own "Y" duplicate DNA.
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The male DNA (Y chromosome) of Jews is close to that of groups who have dwelt in the Middle East for an extended period such as the Kurds, Turks, Armenians and to a lesser degree Arabs. This however should be explained by geographical provenance. The Jews were in the Middle East for much longer than the Tribes deported into Assyria who then embarked on migration routes away from the Middle East.
There is a need to evidence that the progression from one haplogroup to another is most likely to have gone from a "developed" haplogroup (such as R or N) by losing DNA information. This does accord with decades of scientific research into both observed and artificially induced mutations which demonstrates that mutations involve a loss of DNA information.
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3. Extracts from:
The Genetic Origin of the Nations
http://www.ccg.org/english/s/p265.html
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(a) Australian Aborigines, Maoris, and Mongols All Linked?
That is why isolated societies show the basic structure and less change than do the more open societies intermingling with other mitochondrial Haplogroups. For example, the RxR1 groups among the Australian Aborigines are also less affected. It is not an indicator of time, but rather one of intermarriage. The majority of the Aborignal Haplogroup C, however, is in fact C4 and is derived from the C basic groups that spread out along the South Asian coast from India to Vietnam. There is some C basic still there in pockets, but the Aborigines developed into the C4 group and then subdivided into two C4 sub-groups within Australia. The Maori developed into the C2 group and the Mongols into C3, which also went into the Americas. Both the Aboriginal and Maori languages contain many loan words from the Malay people and indicate that they once shared a common area and linguistic group. The Malays are, however, predominantly Hg O but do have some other groups. The Maori left their island home ca. 1000 CE after the rise of waters and went to New Zealand within the Medieval Warm Period when seas were higher.
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(b) Japanese and Tibetans
This Haplogroup [D] is confined to two peoples in any significance. These are Japan (>40%) and Tibet (>50%). The incidence of the Hg indicates that the Japanese and the Tibetans once were a people occupying the Eastern Steppes and they moved north-east into Japan and south into the mountains of Tibet. The language of the Japanese is Uralic-Altaic and has much in common with Finnish and Hungarian, Turkic, Altaic, Mongolian, Manchu/Tungus, Old Korean and the Northern Siberian languages (and anciently with Basque). Thus we can assume that Haplogroup D was once a tribe with a common language system with those of Haplogroup C and others identified below. The other Hg (O) for the Japanese and Tibetan indicates that the Chinese had interbred with them over the centuries, no doubt affecting the language system and customs from the areas of their movement. The Japanese have higher incidence of Hg C than do the Tibetans, perhaps from their exposure to the Mongols, the Buryats and Koryaks. However, the incidence of the Aboriginal Ainu may also be a factor in this due to population replacement in the later Japanese invasions.
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The other significant incidence of D is perhaps from the trading influence of the Japanese in early time going to Sumatra and to Malaya. The more significant incidence is in Sumatra at up to 10%. The incidence in Malaya is less than 5% as is the R1a grouping there also, and for F, C and M with a slightly higher incidence of K. Borneo has a less than 5% D group also, as do the Uygurs, Altai, the Mongols, the Kyrgyz, Uzbeks and the Siberian Eskimo.
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4. Genetic pacification of Western Europeans (?)
Evolutionary Psychology www.epjournal.net 2015. 13(1): 230-243
Western Europe, State Formation, and Genetic Pacification
http://dienekes.blogspot.co.il/
Peter Frost, Henry C. Harpending
Through its monopoly on violence, the State tends to pacify social relations. Such pacification proceeded slowly in Western Europe between the 5th and 11th centuries, being hindered by the rudimentary nature of law enforcement, the belief in a man's right to settle personal disputes as he saw fit, and the Church's opposition to the death penalty. These hindrances began to dissolve in the 11th century with a consensus by Church and State that the wicked should be punished so that the good may live in peace. Courts imposed the death penalty more and more often and, by the late Middle Ages, were condemning to death between 0.5 and 1.0% of all men of each generation, with perhaps just as many offenders dying at the scene of the crime or in prison while awaiting trial. Meanwhile, the homicide rate plummeted from the 14th century to the 20th. The pool of violent men dried up until most murders occurred under conditions of jealousy, intoxication, or extreme stress. The decline in personal violence is usually attributed to harsher punishment and the longer-term effects of cultural conditioning. It may also be, however, that this new cultural environment selected against propensities for violence.
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5. Changes in Head Shape.
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(a) Brachycephalization in Japan has ceased
 Kouchi M.
 Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000 Jul;112(3):339-47.
http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showthread.php/13197-Origin-of-the-Ancient-Assyrians-(split)-mod/page20
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 Somatometric data are presented which show that the rapid brachycephalization in Japan has recently ceased. The causes of brachycephalization are investigated in relation to the secular change in height. Increases in head breadth have been the main cause of brachycephalization, and its pattern of secular change is very similar to that in height. Associations between head breadth, height, and year of birth were examined by partial correlation coefficients and through a comparison of students and the general population. Brachycephalization is thought to result from increases in the growth rate for head breadth caused by improvements in nutritional levels, as seen in increases in height. Increases in height over the last 100 years have been accompanied by brachycephalization in Japanese and Koreans, but by debrachycephalization in many European populations. Increases in lateral growth in Asian heads may be related to the facial flatness which is characteristic to northern Mongoloid populations. 3.
Evidence for temporal and social differences in cranial dimensions in Edo-period Japanese
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(b) Samurai Had Broadest Heads!
 Nagaoka et al.
 International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. Article first published online: 27 OCT 2010
 This study examined the craniometric traits of the Edo-period (AD1603-1867) human skeletons from the Hitotsubashi site in Tokyo, compared them with temporally and socially various populations, and attempted to detect the morphological differentiation patterns that the Edo-period Japanese exhibited over time and under those social/environmental conditions. The materials measured here were the townsmen's crania from the Hitotsubashi site, which were dated back to the early half of the Edo period. The observations revealed that the Hitotsubashi samples were more dolichocephalic than any other Edo series and were different from subsequent Edo series in terms of larger maximum cranial length and smaller maximum cranial breadth. The Hitotsubashi samples were definitely in contrast with those of Tentokuji and Shirogane, both of which included a samurai (warrior) class of the late to final Edo period and exhibited the most brachycephalic crania. It is reasonable to assume that the temporal and social situations were possibly related to the observed cranial variation and that the temporal changes in cranial dimensions in pre-modern Japan might have reflected the nutritional and environmental conditions.
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