Brit-Am Research Sources (1 November 2017, 12 Heshbon, 5778)
Contents:
1. The Beaker Folk
2. Notes on Early British Israelism (when it was still almost "kosher")
3. The British in Palestine from a pro-Arab anti-British Perspective
Why can't there be peace between the Jews and the Palestinians? by Thiago Chahin (Brazil).
4. Rabbinical Jewish Influence on the Early Anglo-Saxons in Britain
5. New Dolmen Find in Goland
Monumental Carved Dolmen More Than 4,000 Years Old Found in Golan Rewrites History of Civilization
by Ruth Schuster.
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1. The Beaker Folk
The Bronze Age came to Western Europe via a people known as the Beaker Folk.
They were distinguished by a bell-shaped pottery. Most, or at least many, of the Megalithic monuments are attributed tot hem.
The time period attributed to them is c. 2900 - 1800 BCE.
This is far too early to associate any of them with the Ten Tribes.
The conventional chronology however may be mistaken.
For more about them, see:
The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe
https://www.academia.edu/33140122/The_Beaker_Phenomenon_and_the_Genomic_Transformation_of_Northwest_Europe?auto=download&campaign=weekly_digest
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2. Notes on Early British Israelism (when it was still almost "Kosher")
British Israelism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Israelism
According to Brackney (2012) and Fine (2015), the French Hugenot magistrate M. le Loyer's The Ten Lost Tribes, published in 1590, provided the first expression that "Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, Scandinavian, Germanic, and associated cultures"[6] were direct descendants of the ancient Israelites.[1] Anglo-Israelism has also been attributed to Francis Drake and James VI and I,[6] who believed he was the King of Israel.[1] Adriaan van Schrieck (1560-1621), who influenced Henry Spelman (1562-1641) and John Sadler (1615-1674), wrote in the early 17th century about his ideas on the origins of the Celtic and Saxon peoples. In 1649, Sadler published The Rights of the Kingdom, "which argues for an 'Israelite genealogy for the British people'".[6]
Aspects of British Israelism and its influences have also been traced to Richard Brothers' A Revealed Knowledge of the Prophecies and Timesin 1794, John Wilson's Our Israelitish Origin (1840s), and John Pym Yeatman's The Shemetic Origin of the Nations of Western Europe (1879).[citation needed]
The extent to which the clergy in Britain became aware of the movement may be gauged from the comment made by Cardinal John Henry Newman (1801-1890) when asked why he had left the Church of England in 1845 to join the Roman Catholic Church. He said that there was a very real danger that the movement [i.e. British Israelism] "would take over the Church of England."[9]:86
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3. The British in Palestine from a pro-Arab anti-British Perspective
Brit-Am Note: The article below from which we have quoted at length may not be historically accurate on every matter. It is even blatantly prejudiced. Nevertheless it is important since it shows an Arab viewpoint. It also emphasizes the overall basic pro-Jewish attitudes of the British despite numerous exceptions. This is something that deserves to be more widely appreciated. The original Quora article by Thiago Chahin is copiously illustrated.
Why can't there be peace between the Jews and the Palestinians?
by Thiago Chahin (Brazil).
https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-there-be-peace-between-the-Jews-and-the-Palestinians
Extracts:
1799 : Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to create a French presence in the Holy Land and appealed to the Jews to fight for it, saying He would give Palestine to the Jews, but was He was defeated by the Ottomans.
1840 : only 3000 Jews living in Ottoman controlled Palestine
Over the years (1880-1920), the Jewish immigration to Palestine, increased, sponsored by wealthy benefactors, one of them, Edmond de Rothschild.1882 : Foundation of the first Zionist settlement, Rishon LeZion.
Other 29 settlements were found.
1885 : Coinage of the term Zionism by Nathan Birnbaum, meaning 'the establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine'.
This was not supported by all Jews at the time.'
1907 : The British government set up a commitee to devise a strategy to oust the Muslim Arab population of the Ottoman empire.
The commitee report, led by Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman recommended to create a buffer state in Palestine.
The report proposed the buffer state to be hostile to it's neighbors and friendly to Europe.
The aim was to divide the region and to assure continued dominance.
'The Europeans also believed the Jews to be closer to them than the Arabs'
- Hillel Cohen, Israeli historian
1907 : Chaim Weizmann, the leader of the Zionist movement in Britain, visited Palestine for the first time. He created a company in Jaffa to develop the land for the Jewish state. His company was supported by Edmond de Rothschild.
1910 : The Jewish National Fund purchased a big land in Marj bin Amer, northern Palestine. Over 60000 Palestinians were forced to leave.
'The Zionists got used to the idea that only way of making Palestine a Jewish state was to cause the Palestinians to leave' - Ilan Pappe, Israeli historian
They replaced the Arab farmers with Jewish farmers from Eastern Europe and Yemen.'And the Jewish Militia, Hashemea, was created to protect the growing number of Jewish settlements.'
1914 : World War I created the opportunity for the British to reshape the Middle East. Britain wanted to secure the Canal of Suez, as it had a presence in Egypt.
They favored the Zionists as a colonial partner.
1915 : A Secret memorandum was presented to the British Cabinet with the title, 'The Future of Palestine', drafted by Herbert Samuel, a British politician and Zionist. He advised, the time was not right for the establishment of a Jewish state. He recommended the Palestine be annexed to the British empire, and with time, more Jews would migrate and outnumber the Mohamedans of Arab race.
His idea was taken into account in the secret British-French agreement formulated by British politician Mark Sykes and French diplomat FrancoisGeorge-Picot. Sykes-Picot Agreement
1917 : The British cabinet, headed by PM David Lloyd George, pledged to establish a homeland for the Jews.the influential British Zionist, Walter Rothschild. Rothschild lobbied the government on behalf of Chaim Weizmann, head of World Zionist Organization. World Zionist Organization
1917 : Balfour Declaration
The celebration of the declaration took place in London.
Several days later, December 11th, the British army commanded by Edmund Allenby, captured Jerusalem. Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby
Along with the British military, there was a Jewish military unit led by David Ben-Gurion, who would become Israel's first prime minister.
The unit also had Ze'ev Jabotinsky a future Zionist leader and Nehamiah Rubitzov, father of Yitzhak Rabin.
Within a month, Allenby invited Weizmann to Jerusalem.
There was 50000 Jews in Palestine at this time, 10% of the population among half a million Arabs.
1918 : World War I ended and POTUS Woodrow Wilson commissioned an investigation of the non-Turkish areas of the former Ottoman Empire.
The commission was headed by Dr. Henry King and the politician Charles Crane. King-Crane Commission.
The commission reported that 90% of the population was against the Zionist program.
The authors of the report described 'a strong sense of injustice'.
It recommended the Jewish immigration to be definitely limited and the project to make Palestine a Jewish commonwealth to be given up.
The British then sent 50000 soldiers to accomplish the Zionist program.
1919 : At a conference in Paris attended by Balfour and Weizmann, the Zionist Organization presented a map that included the whole Palestine, the east bank of the Jordan river, Golan Heights in Southern Syria and Lebanon.
Parallel to the conference, the leader of the Arab delegation, Prince Faisal bin Hussein, signed with the Zionist delegation's leader, the Faisal-Weizmann agreement.
In the agreement, Faisal approved a Jewish homeland Palestine and an Arab nation. The agreement was mediated by Lieutenant Coronel Tomas Edward Lawrence - Lawrence of Arabia.
Faisal signed that the agreement be dependent on the Arabs gaining independence.
The Zionist Organization submitted the agreement to the Paris conference without Faisal's caveat.
1920 : The first British High Commissioner for Palestine was appointed.
Controversially, London selected Herbert Samuel for the post. He was committed to accomplish what He proposed 5 years earlier, by favoring Jewish immigration to transform Palestine into a Jewish homeland.
1922 : The League of Nations formalized the British rule in Palestine.
The second clause of the British mandate document approved by the League of Nations, stipulated :
'The British mandate shall be responsible for placing the country under conditions that will secure the establishment of the Jewish homeland.'
Herbert Samuel decreed Hebrew as a national language, alongside Arabic and English. He also put the letters (E Y) were added to the word Palestine, meaning Eretz Yisrael (Land of Israel).' He enacted over a hundred decrees to give government property to Jews to build Kibbutzim, to pass land from Arab to Jewish hands and to establish a separate Jewish educational system.
He also allowed the Jews to have their own army. The Palestinians saw the British army side with the Jews and the expelled farmers started to form revolutionary groups.
1921 : The Palestinians organized large demonstrations against Jewish immigration.
The Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al-Husseini, at the age of 25, who had inherited his position from his brother, sent successive delegations to London, to discuss the Palestinian question, while trying to maintain good relations with Britain.
1929 : Zionist groups organized a gathering at the Wailing Wall. The demonstration ignited violence where over 100 Jews and Arabs were killed. This was known as the Buraq Revolt. 1929 Palestine riots
3 Palestinian Arabs were sentenced to death. 69 Jews were killed in Hebron. This led to the creation of Hagana. 1929 Hebron massacre. During the first 10 years of British mandate the number of Jews reached 175000.
1931 : 'An Arab Palestine is a threat to Great Britain and a menace to the world. A Jewish Palestine is an asset to Great Britain and a blessing to the World.' Stephen Wise, American Zionist Leader in New York..
1933 : Protests against Jewish immigration became more frequent in Palestine, with women protesting side by side with men.
The British authority arrested thousands.
1935 : Sheikh Izz Ad Din al Qassam wrote to the Palestinian leadership to organize a revolution. The Palestinian leadership replied that they still wanted to pursue their rights via negotiation. Then al Qassam organized a group to attack a British target but it was unsuccesful and he was killed.
1933 : Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti sent a telegram to Berlin reporting al-Husseini's belief that Palestinian Muslims were enthusiastic about the new regime and looked forward to the spread of Fascism throughout the region. Wolff met al-Husseini and many sheikhs again, a month later, at Nabi Musa. They expressed their approval of the anti-Jewish boycott in Germany and asked Wolff not to send any Jews to Palestine.
1936 : The Palestinian political leadership came under pressure to cease negotiations with the British.
Protests erupted in Jaffa and spread throughout Palestine.
The general strike reason was explained by the Palestinian political leadership that they were denied human rights and citizenship, and were being replaced by Jews.
The British mandate reacted by arresting and destroying the homes of any suspects involved in the revolution.
In Jaffa more than 200 houses were demolished as a collective punishment.
The police beat protesters to death.
190 Palestinians were killed and 800 were wounded on this event.
Over 1000 Palestinians were killed this year.
One Senior Police Official, Mr. John Faraday, receiving the King's Police Medal and a letter from the King for his good services.
David Ben-Gurion suggested to replace all the Palestinians to Trans-Jordan and the High Commissioner replied it was a good idea.
The Imams of the Arab nations asked the Palestinians to end the strike, that Britain would solve the issues.
1937 : Lord Peel led a commission to study the conflict and recommended the partition of Palestine. Peel-Commission
The Jewish area would be 1/3 of the total area.'
The Zionists were happy with the Peel commission as it also suggested the transfer of Palestinians from one territory to the other.
The British Mandate decreed the martial law and disbanded the Palestinian leadership to the Seychelles Island on the Indian Ocean, including the mayor of Jerusalem. The Mufti fled to Lebanon in fear of arrest.
The revolts continued without the leadership and to crush the protests Britain sent in reinforcements.'
Britain banned the use of weapons for the Palestinians and conducted searches in every house and set up many outposts. Gun owners would have their homes demolished. They also broke the walls of the houses in search for weapons.
Many Palestinians were put in concentration camps without charge.
While the British disarmed the Palestinians, they armed Special Jewish Forces.
The Palestinians saw this as further evidence of bias and injustice.
1938 : Irgun Jewish Militia began to increase the number of terrorist attacks against Palestinian targets. Most attacks were bombings in civilian areas of Haifa and Jerusalem.
Some British officials were actively engaged in training Jewish paramilitary forces such as Hagana. Orde Wingate.
Moshe Dayan, later prime minister of Israel, looked at Wingate as a mentor. They conducted night raid at Palestinian villages suspicious of harboring revolutionaries.
By the summer of 1938 the Palestinians started to organize into groups and it was the peak of the revolution. The British then had put bounties on the revolutionary leaders and increased the collective punishments, making people walk on cactuses and hot coal. They burned fields and mixed their sugar and wheat with oil to increase hunger.
1939 : The outbreak of WW2. Jews were allowed into the British army.
There's no Palestinian leadership on the ground.
The Arab countries held negotiations in London, separately from the Jewish rich from around the world, with whom the British government was a partner.
The negotiations failed. The Jewish soldiers would get important experience from WW2 that would make significant difference in the war of 1948
1940 : '1 out of 10 Palestinians between 18 and 40 were either imprisoned, killed, wounded or expelled from the country.' - Eugene Rogan, Oxford University
The Jewish Intelligence started to gather information about every village in Palestine. How easily could they be taken, how much food was available, the fertility of the land.
The British decided to limit Jewish migration to Palestine.
A French built ocean liner, Patria, was at Haifa harbour carrying 800 Jewish refugees from Nazi occupied Europe. The British would deport the ship to Mauritius islands but to prevent this the Hagana group planted a bomb onboard to disable the ship and 260 people onboard died. The Hagana member who planted the bomb would disclose this 17 years later.
1941 : Al-Husseini arrived in Rome on 10 October 1941. .... Mussolini expressed his hostility to the Jews and Zionism.
On 20 November, al-Husseini met the German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop and was officially received by Adolf Hitler on 28 November.
1945 : The Mufti was captured and put into house arrest in Paris.
POTUS Harry Truman encouraged the Zionist agenda by recommending the 100000 displaced Jews in Europe to immigrate to Palestine.
... The British started confiscating weapons from both sides, and 331 Palestinians were arrested for possession of weapons.
...
The Jewish were better armed and gaining the upper hand. They held areas that the UN partition plan had allotted to the Arab state.
.. British forces withdrew 1 month earlier than planned and as they moved out, the Jewish military moved in. The British left their much of their armored vehicles and weapons to the Jewish military when they left.
April 16th, the British warned the citizens of Tiberias to leave, but many decided to stay, including the Christian priest of the town. As the British left Tiberias in April 18th, the Jewish forces easily seized it.
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4. Rabbinical Jewish Influence on the Early Anglo-Saxons in Britain
Mark Williams wrote:
Hey Yair
What do you make of this?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_and_Saturn
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Brit-Am Reply:
Solomon and Saturn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_and_Saturn
Extracts:
Solomon and Saturn is the generic name given to four Old English works, which present a dialogue of riddles between Solomon, the king of Israel, and Saturn, identified in two of the poems as a prince of the Chaldeans....
The riddle describes a mysterious bird that will be bound until Doomsday; it has been bound by Solomon and is feared by the leaders of the Philistines. The final line of the passage names the bird as Vasa Mortis. Robert Menner has argued that ancient Jewish origins on Solomon's struggles with demons are at the heart of the Old English riddle; he identifies the Vasa Mortis with the demon Asmodeus.[7] Cilluffo sees parallels between the Vasa Mortis and the description of Fame in Virgil's Aeneid, as well as the nocturnal monster in the Anglo-Saxon Liber monstrorum and the griffin in the Wonders of the East.[8]
Brit-Am Comment:
Very interesting. I have not looked at the poem yet. The quoted opinion of Robert Menner is that "ancient Jewish origins on Solomon's struggles with demons are at the heart of the Old English riddle."
This corresponds with our findings concerning the poem "Beowulf." The Ancient Anglo-Saxons may have included Jews from Post- Second Temple times among them. At the least they had come into contact with them from an early stage and received literature and traditions from them.
Rochelle Altman, "Absent Voices: The Story of Writing Systems in the West," noted something about this from a linguistic perspective. She however tried to attribute the Hebrew type influence to Punic (i.e. Carthaginian) settlements in England that the Anglo-Saxons incorporated. The evidence however, to our mind, seems to fit the presence of Jewish groups more than anything else.
See:
"Brit-Am Now"-580
http://britam.org/now/580Now.html
#3. Rochelle Altman: Hebrew-Phoenicians in the British Isles
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5. New Dolmen Find in Goland
Monumental Carved Dolmen More Than 4,000 Years Old Found in Golan Rewrites History of Civilization
by Ruth Schuster, Haaretz Correspondent
http://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/1.775318
Extracts:
A gigantic dolmen over 4,000 years old with unique artistic carvings in its ceiling has been found in the Golan Heights. The sheer size and complexity of the table-like burial structure, and the fact that it is just part of a monumental complex structure, suggest that civilization in the Levant did not collapse in the mid-Bronze Age quite as had been thought, Prof. Gonen Sharon of Tel Hai College told Haaretz.
The dolmen was bigger than the other 400-plus dolmens around it, which dot the fields by Kibbutz Shamir in the Upper Galilee, on the western slopes of the Golan Heights. In fact the dolmen is absolutely huge, multi-chambered inside, and the basalt capstone covering it, which was carved on the inside, weighs about 50 tons, say the archaeologists. One interior chamber was two by three meters in area.
Investigation of the huge dolmen revealed a secondary multi-burial of both adults and children (the practice of allowing bodies to decompose in one place, then collecting the bones and interring them in another place).
The megalithic dolmen itself was enclosed within an enormous tumulus, or heap of stones, about 20 meters in diameter. Four smaller dolmens positioned at the foot of the decorated dolmen have been identified in the stone heap so far: there may be more.
In other words, what we have here is a huge monumental structure built hierarchically, with a main cell and secondary cells, explains the Israel Antiquities Authority, adding that it is the first hierarchical dolmen identified in the region.
Also: "The engraved shapes depict a straight line going to the center of an arc. About fifteen such engravings were documented on the ceiling of the dolmen, spread out in a kind of arc along the ceiling. No parallels exist for these shapes in the engraved rock drawings of the Middle East, and their significance remains a mystery," says Uri Berger of the Israel Antiquities Authority.
Actually, 5,600 dolmens have been documented in the Golan on top of roughly 400 in the Galilee, Sharon, who was first to notice the carvings on the big dolmen's ceiling, told Haaretz.
Jordan is also full of dolmens, though in Israel, there are none south of the Sea of Galilee (though there's no basalt south of the lake, mainly chalk, which could be one explanation; or that culture hadn't been there).
"There had been some sort of culture in Golan and Galilee that built megalithic monuments from basalt. We don't know who they were," Sharon says. But their failure to leave behind archaeological remnants of cities, for instance, means nothing at all about the complexity of their society, he stresses.
See Also:
Archaeological discovery means that maybe the Dark Ages weren't so dark
by Ilana Strauss
https://www.fromthegrapevine.com/lifestyle/archaeological-finding-means-ancient-dark-ages-werent-so-dark
"Art like this has been found on dolmens in Europe and Asia, but never in the Levant. Until now. "
4,000-YEAR-OLD STRUCTURE WITH MYSTERIOUS DISCOVERED IN GALILEE
Daniel K. Eisenbud
http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/4000-year-old-structure-with-mysterious-engravings-discovered-in-Galilee-483256