Brit-Am Research Sources (April 5, 2013, Nissan 25, 5773)
Contents:
1. The Ethnic Name Aesc and Isaac?
2. An End to Carbon Dating?
Ocean plankton sponge up nearly twice the carbon currently assumed
3. Stone ships show signs of maritime network in Baltic Sea region 3,000 years ago
4. Bronze Age Ireland: the country's golden era
5. Mark Williams: Iberia (Spain and Portugal) Named after the Hebrews!
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1. The Ethnic Name Aesc and Isaac?
The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes were the major tribes in the Anglo-Saxon invasion of what later became known as England.
# The Kentish Jutes are also mentioned in early Northern literature by the name of Aescings#.
Source: "Origin of the Anglo-Saxon Race" by Thomas William Shore, London, 1906.
# The Heptarchy were the seven principal kingdoms into which England was divided in Anglo-Saxon times. The kingdoms were founded at different times, and at no one time were they all independent monarchies together. In 827 King Egbert of Wessex united the other kingdoms into one, and assumed the title of king of England.#
#Aesc was king of the Heptarchy in 488. He was a son of Hengist. In honour of Aesc the kings of Kent were sometimes called Aescings.#
http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/cgi-bin/res.pl?keyword=Heptarchy&offset=0
#It has been observed that many of the Anglo-Saxon clans bore names
implying their descent from plants, or animals, a notion
Thus in early documents we meet with the Wylfings, or
sons of the wolf; the Aescings, sons of the ash; the
Thornings, sons of the thorn.# H. Fowler (1892)
http://www.stalbanshistory.org/documents/1892_02_.pdf
#aescings OR oiscings. The dynastic name of the Kentish kings after Ais or Oisc (reigned 488-582) son of Hengist.#
http://books.google.co.il/books?id=VNAMjuMw_5kC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Aescings&source=bl&ots=TkTMvwxWxz&sig=zD7HVQZ1UVEFHRBFiTqmKpDBctg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=36FOUbXCMuak0AWlwIDQAg&sqi=2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Aescings&f=false
Comment: From the above it would seem that the ethnic designation Aisc derives from a word meaning Ash after the ash tree. It would also seem to have been a recently invented appellation and relate back to a son of Hengist the Anglo-Saxon leader of the English invaders. All this however is not that certain and these explanations may reflect recent rationalizations for an already existing term, as often happened.
Did the name Aesc derive from Isaac? Linguistically the initial vowels are very fluid and can switch around.
cf.
The Scots and the Picts were recorded as descended from Isacon i.e. from Isaac.
They were also mentioned as allies of the Saxons in the invasion of England and it is implied that they were of the same stock.
Did the Attacotti of the Picts reach Scotland just as the Angles and Saxons were invading? Are the Attacotti the same as the Agathyrsi i.e. as the Khazars?
The Picts were recorded as also present in Norway. Khazars were known of in Sweden. The Picts were referred to as Agathyrsi. Elements known as the Daci and identified with the Danes also invaded at the same time. The Daci (Dacians) initially came from Thrace which was also a region of the Agathyrsi.
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2. An End to Carbon Dating?
Ocean plankton sponge up nearly twice the carbon currently assumed
http://earthsky.org/science-wire/ocean-plankton-sponge-up-nearly-twice-the-carbon-currently-assumed#.UUnnuttWDv8.email
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3. Stone ships show signs of maritime network in Baltic Sea region 3,000 years ago
http://phys.org/news/2013-03-stone-ships-maritime-network-baltic.html
March 21, 2013
In the middle of the Bronze Age, around 1000 BC, the amount of metal objects increased dramatically in the Baltic Sea region. Around the same time, a new type of stone monument, arranged in the form of ships, started to appear along the coasts. New research from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden shows that the stone ships were built by maritime groups. The maritime groups were part of a network that extended across large parts of northern Europe. The network was maintained largely because of the strong dependence on bronze. Archaeologists have long assumed that bronze was imported to Scandinavia from the south, and recent analyses have been able to confirm this notion. The distribution of bronze objects has been discussed frequently, with most analyses focusing on the links in the networks. The people behind the networks, however, are only rarely addressed, not to mention their meeting places. "One reason why the meeting places of the Bronze Age are not discussed very often is that we haven't been able to find them. This is in strong contrast to the trading places of the Viking Age, which have been easy to locate as they left behind such rich archaeological material," says the author of the thesis Joakim Wehlin from the University of Gothenburg and Gotland University. In his thesis, Wehlin has analysed the archaeological material from the Bronze Age stone ships and their placement in the landscape. The stone ships can be found across the entire Baltic Sea region and especially on the larger islands, with a significant cluster on the Swedish island of Gotland. The ships have long been thought to have served as graves for one or several individuals, and have for this reason often been viewed as death ships intended to take the deceased to the afterlife. 'My study shows a different picture. It seems like the whole body was typically not buried in the ship, and some stone ships don't even have graves in them. Instead, they sometimes show remains of other types of activities. So with the absence of the dead, the traces of the survivors tend to appear.' One of Wehlin's conclusions is that the stone ships and the activities that took place there point to people who were strongly focused on maritime practice. Details in the ships indicate that they were built to represent real ships. Wehlin says that the stone ships give clues about the ship-building techniques of the time and therefore about the ships that sailed on the Baltic Sea during the Bronze Age. By studying the landscape, Wehlin has managed to locate a number of meeting places, or early ports. "These consist of areas that resemble hill forts and are located near easily accessible points in the landscape , Â that is, near well-known waterways leading inland. While these areas have previously been thought to be much younger, recent age determinations have dated them to the Bronze Age." The thesis offers a very extensive account of the stone ships. It also suggests that the importance of the Baltic Sea during the Scandinavian Bronze Age, not least as a waterway, has been underestimated in previous research.
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4. Bronze Age Ireland: the country's golden era
In the early Bronze Age, Ireland had more than its fair share of gold. Was it imported, or are there forgotten deposits of gold?
Anthony King
http://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/bronze-age-ireland-the-country-s-golden-era-1.1332517
Thu, Mar 21, 2013, 06:00
First published: Thu, Mar 21, 2013, 06:00
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Chemical investigations suggest that raw material for Ireland's prehistoric gold hoard may have been sourced from near neighbours. An alternative explanation is that there are forgotten Irish deposits rich in gold. Visit the National Museum on Kildare Street, Dublin, and you will be struck by the sheer number of gold objects. The desire for this precious metal was strong in prehistoric, pagan Ireland. The array of gold ornaments includes collars, torcs and bracelets, mostly from the Bronze Age, 2,200 to 800 BC.
'It is highly significant in European terms and disproportionately large given the size of the country,' says Mary Cahill, curator of the museum's Bronze Age collection. Yet Ireland is not renowned for its gold deposits, so where this gold came from has puzzled archaeologists.
Rob Chapman has spent hours standing in ice-cold streams and rivers across Ireland panning for gold. A geologist at Leeds University, he got the gold bug working in a South African mine. He helped collect natural gold grains from across Ireland to compare to the museum gold.
Natural gold is usually found as a mixture, with silver often the main alloying metal. Chapman cross-checked silver content in natural gold with artefacts from the early Bronze Age, 2,200 to 1,800 BC. The gold is consistent and seems to come from one area, possibly from river gravels. The artefacts themselves are mostly crescent-shaped collars (lanulae) and sun disks, decorative objects possibly for clothing or for embellishing wood or stones.
'Jewellery is not an appropriate term for these things,' says Cahill. They were regalia, in the sense a modern king or queen might wear, or tied to religious ceremonies. Goldsmiths confined themselves to producing particular objects, presumably for an elite class, and certain motifs recur which archaeologists believe concern the power of the sun and fertility.
Chemical analysis revealed silver at 10 per cent, which, combined with trace amounts of tin and copper, indicated the Mourne Mountains as the most likely source of these objects. 'Nothing else seemed to fit this early Bronze Age stuff,' Chapman explains.
But advances in geochemistry recently allowed Chris Standish, an archaeology PhD student in Bristol University, to characterise Irish native gold and museum gold using variations in the four natural types of lead atoms, or lead isotopes. The quantities of lead are tiny, around 0.002 per cent, and were measured using a mass spectrometer.
'We couldn't find a match between any of the Irish gold deposits,' Standish says, having examined likely areas, including the Mournes and Croagh Patrick. The lead isotope signature of the museum gold was closest to the gold deposits of Counties Wicklow, Wexford and Waterford.
'Looking purely at the lead isotopes, gold in the artefacts is most consistent with gold from the southeast,' says Standish. But there is too little silver and trace metal for it to be a proper match.
Standish suggests there may be gold he has yet to analyse, but another, controversial, explanation is gold imports. According to Chapman, 'The lead signature he [Standish] gained from the early Bronze Age artefacts corresponded to the granite rocks in Cornwall,' which he says has irritated some archaeologists.
Cahill is waiting for further detail to emerge, but says there is no supporting archaeological evidence for extensive gold imports to Ireland at this time. 'We know that Irish copper and bronze objects turn up in Britain,' but there are no signs of gold coming in. And clues pointing to southern Britain as a source for Irish gold are not conclusive.
'Natural gold does occur in Cornwall, but it is difficult to find and we cannot say categorically whether the gold content is compatible or not,' says Chapman. Since the early Bronze Age, the land has changed so much that you cannot visit the same sites available to the Bronze Age people; some lie underwater.
One other explanation is a deposit of gold which has eluded modern prospectors but was used by Bronze Age people. Given extensive gold exploration in Ireland since the 1980s, a hidden source is somewhat unlikely, say geologists, dimming hopes of a Celtic El Dorado. But it's a possibility.
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5. Mark Williams: Iberia (Spain and Portugal) Named after the Hebrews!
Subject: Even Simcha Jacobovici (sp?) acknowledges that Iberia is named
after the Hebrews
http://www.simchajtv.com/spanish-passover-miracle/
It was ironic. Spain and Portugal occupy the Iberian Peninsula.
Scholars agree that 'Iberia' is a Semitic term meaning 'Ivria'. What
they don't tell you is that 'Ivria' means'Hebrew'