Brit-Am Research Sources (9 February, 2015, 20 Shevet, 5775)
Contents:
1. Roman Descriptions of Ancient Britain
2. Good Map of the British Empire with Interesting Notes
3. Josephus: Table of Nations
4. Words from Hebrew: Shore
5. Link to Site tracing English Words to Hebrew
6. Rome and Germany: Brothers from Edom? by Yair Davidiy
7. The Romans assaulted Scotland with a larger force than they used to hold ALL of England and Wales - but still failed to subdue savage tribesmen
By ROB WAUGH
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1. Roman Descriptions of Ancient Britain
http://englishare.net/Brit%20Lit%20I/Ancient%20Britain%20Source%20Texts.pdf
Extract:
Tacitus, from Agricola, pacification of Britain
13. The Britons themselves bear cheerfully the conscription, the taxes, and the other burdens imposed on them by the Empire, as long as there is no oppression. They do not take kindly to oppression. They are reduced to subjection, not as yet to slavery.
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2. Good Map of the British Empire with Interesting Notes
Craig White:
I am not a member of the group that published this map, but it is excellent:
https://www.thetrumpet.com/article/12324.33319.171.0/britain/infographic
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3. Josephus: Table of Nations. A Useful Source
http://www.truebiblecode.com/understanding224.html
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4. Words from Hebrew: Shore
(a) Hebrew meaning: wall, embankment, line
(b) Conventional Etymology
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=shore
shore (n.)
"land bordering a large body of water," c.1300, from an Old English word or from Middle Low German schor "shore, coast, headland," or Middle Dutch scorre "land washed by the sea," all probably from Proto-Germanic *skur-o- "cut," from PIE *(s)ker- (1) "to cut" (see shear (v.)).
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5. Link to Site tracing English Words to Hebrew
MODERN ENGLISH WORDS FROM THE HEBREW
http://www.thealeph-tavproject.com/The%20Aleph-Tav%20Project%203%20Teachings-%20Modern%20English%20Words%20From%20The%20Hebrew.html
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6. Rome and Germany: Brothers from Edom? by Yair Davidiy
The Sages (Megillah 6) identified Edom with Rome and Germany.
We understand that this was referring to leading and foundational elements rather than the mass population.
See:
Esau and the Edomites
http://www.britam.org/Edom/EsauContents.html
It may be of interest to note that the term German was not what the early Germans called themselves.
Other names given to Germany are:
Names of Germany
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Germany
... in German, the country is known as Deutschland, while in the Scandinavian languages as Tyskland, in French as Allemagne, in Italian as Germania, in Polish as Niemcy, in Spanish as Alemania, and in Dutch as Duitsland.
Where did the name Germany come from?
http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/7785/why-does-germanys-english-name-differ-from-its-german-name
Tim Osterholm on his Table of Nations website brought forth an interesting theory that the word German originated long ago from the ancient Assyrian city of Kerman. The word Deutsh is also linked with Assyria. It seems that during the fall of Ninevah, this group of people migrated north to escape from the invading Babylonians (and Scythians too perhaps). Coming from a civilized area to the more primitive tribes of ancient Germany perhaps gave them an influence there out of proportion to their numbers...
The Sages referred to northern Europe as Germania following Roman practice.
Germany was what the Romans called it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Germany
Tacitus claims that the name Germani was first applied to the Tungri tribe. The name Tungri is thought to be the endonym [name given to an ethnic group by themselves] corresponding to the exonym [name given to an ethnic group by others] Eburones.
Julius Caesar was the first to use Germanus in writing when describing tribes in north-eastern Gaul in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico: he records that four northern Belgic tribes, namely the Condrusi, Eburones, Caeraesi and Paemani, were collectively known as Germani. In AD 98, Tacitus wrote Germania (the Latin title was actually: De Origine et situ Germanorum), an ethnographic work on the diverse set of Germanic tribes outside the Roman Empire.
Caesar claims that most of the northern Belgae were descended from tribes who had long ago crossed the Rhine from Germania.
It appears that German in Latin may have connoted family relation,
cf.
germane (adj.)
mid-14c., "having the same parents," derived from german (adj.); compare human/humane, urban/urbane. Main modern sense of "closely connected, relevant"...
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=germane
Did the Romans therefore recognize the Germans as brothers? Is that why they called them German, i.e. brother?
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7. The Romans assaulted Scotland with a larger force than they used to hold ALL of England and Wales - but still failed to subdue savage tribesmen
By ROB WAUGH
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2125067/The-Romans-assaulted-Scotland-larger-force-used-hold-ALL-England-Wales--failed-subdue-tribesmen.html#ixzz3R6NpnJ1u
5 April 2012
[Forwarded by Craig White]
Extracts:
The Romans attacked Scotland with a far larger force than previously realised, assaulting the tribes north of Hadrian's Wall with a force bigger than the one used to hold all of England and Wales.
Researchers found 260 Roman military camps in Scotland, the largest number of any country in Europe, and 20 more than the 240 throughout found in England and Wales.
Many have been found recently by archaeological survey flights, looking for distinctive 'marks' in fields from ancient structures buried beneath crops.
Dr Rebecca Jones, an expert on the Roman frontier who researched the camps for a new book, 'Roman Camps in Scotland', says that the camps, some of the least studied of all Roman monuments, were temporary homes and headquarters for the would-be conquerors' legions and armies.
The 260 camps provided transient, basic accommodation for thousands of soldiers at a time.
They are some of the largest Romans remains to have survived, and the camps discovered in Scotland were significantly larger than those found south of Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall.
Dr Jones, 42, said: 'For the first time we have a picture of the true extent of the Roman war machine in Scotland.
'The repeated campaigns to conquer Scotland were bloody, brutal and ultimately unsuccessful for the Roman Empire.
'They had to deal with tribes unwilling to be conquered, and strained resources, as soldiers were always needed to fight wars elsewhere throughout their vast Empire.'
She added: 'The Roman army in Britain left an archaeological legacy that is the envy of the rest of the Roman world. The forts fortresses and frontier defences are rightly celebrated but less well known are the temporary camps. These were constructed to house the army for short periods of time while on campaigns patrols and manoeuvres
'By mapping and recording the hundreds of army outposts in Scotland, we have provided an important benchmark for further research into the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire. '
Many of the camps have been discovered through archaeological aerial survey flights, particularly during dry summers, where the outlines of ancient structures lying beneath the soil show up as crop marks.
A number of Roman camps - including Pennymuir in the Scottish Borders - have survived despite thousands of years of changes to the landscape and are still remarkably well preserved.
The majority of camps are situated around the Borders and in the south of the country, but a first-century camp in Kintore in Aberdeenshire, the size of over 60 football pitches, has seen the largest excavation in the world of any camp left by the Roman Empire, revealing new information about the day-to-day lives of Roman soldiers while on the march.
cf.
Comment: George Donaldson, Forfar Angus, 2 years ago
Total nonsense: --- Roman camps were the places where troublesome tribes such as the "Venetti" of Northern France would have been transported to. --- This would have been a time of Roman client kingdom expansion, it would have been done through collaborations between Celtic chiefs and Roman entrepreneurs who would have financed the ventures. --- At the time the camps were in use, much of Scotland would have been wooded: it would have been the camp dwellers who clear forest and prepared the land for growing cereal to be sold in the Roman market place. --- These camps were no temporary structures: it would have taken many years to clear and prepare land, something that those bread ovens at Kintore surely proves. -- If anyone does not agree, I might just know where a Roman villa is buried somewhere in Angus to prove my case.