BARS-97

Brit-Am Research Sources (22 June 2016, 16 Sivan, 5776)

Contents:
1. Correction: Celts as "Africans, adhering to Judaism!"
2. DNA creates historical conundrum. Where did the West Germans come from?
3. Impressive Paintings by  J. C. Young of Standing Monuments in Pembrokeshire, Wales
4. Scientists discover age-old trading route from Mesopotamia to the far north
Analysis of 3400-year old glass found in graves from ancient Egypt to Scandinavia shows their raw material came from Bronze Age Mesopotamia By Philippe Bohstrom
5. Did the Irish bring horns to India 2,000 years ago? Surprising influence of Bronze Age Celtic instruments found in traditional Indian music By Richard Gray for MailOnline
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1. Correction: Celts as "Africans, adhering to Judaism!"
Correction to BARS-96
http://hebrewnations.com/features/bars/bars96.html
#1.  Picts of Scotland described as small people and Celts as "Africans, adhering to Judaism!"
# Note: The native inhabitants pf Orkney are described above as pygmies whereas the Papey settlers (apparently Celts from Ireland or Scotland) "were Africans, adhering to Judaism."
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2. DNA creates historical conundrum. Where did the West Germans come from?
Re BAMAD-143
http://hebrewnations.com/features/bamad/bamad143.html
#3. Tomenable :  Most Modern Germans from France and the Netherlands!!!
Y-DNA from Germany in the 300s-400s AD shows 58% frequency of I1 and not much R1b
This remark should by rights by dealtb with on our BAMAD list dealing with DNA matters.
Nevertheless DNA studies and historical research have become intertwined.
The question present two possibilities:
Either:
a. The male ancestors of most Germans today were Franks originally from North France, Belgium, and the Netherlands from the 600s - 700s CE and most of the original Germans were eliminated or died out,
OR
b. The YDNA has changed due to environmental factors we are not yet aware of.
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3. Impressive Paintings by  J. C. Young of Standing Monuments in Pembrokeshire, Wales
http://www.rcahmw.gov.uk/HI/ENG/Heritage+of+Wales/Gallery/The+J.C.+Young+Pembrokeshire+Standing+Stones+Paintings/
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4. Scientists discover age-old trading route from Mesopotamia to the far north
                    Analysis of 3400-year old glass found in graves from ancient Egypt to Scandinavia shows their raw material came from Bronze Age Mesopotamia.
                 
    By Philippe Bohstrom        Jun 04, 2016
      http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/archaeology/1.722765
Extracts:
                   Spectacular green glass rods dug up in the ancient Egyptian city of Akhetaten and glass beads found in graves in Scandinavia, northern Germany and Romania, all originated in Mesopotamia, a new study has proven. The advanced analysis of the glass brings further proof to the existence of a vast trading system 3400 years ago, in which precious metals, amber and glass were exchanged.
                   The latest revelations, made by a team of scientists from Moesgaard Museum and the National Museum of Denmark, are the first archaeological evidence backing the "Amarna Letters", in which no less a dignitary than Pharaoh Akhenaten himself requests massive deliveries of glass from local rulers in nations around the Mediterranean. 
                   They also reinforce recent studies proving the existence of a complex trading system of precious metals and stones from the far northern reaches of Scandinavia to Mesopotamia and Egypt during the Bronze Age.
       
                   The team's chemical analysis of glass beads found in burials in Romania, Northern Germany and Denmark shows that they were also made from, or with, Mesopotamian glass, probably traded some time between 1400-1100 BCE. (Some were made of mixed Mesopotamian and Egyptian glass.)                                                                                                                
                                                                                                               
                                         Even though the origin of the raw glass used to make these beads can be determined as Egypt or Mesopotamia, determining where the glass beads unearthed in Europe were made is harder.        
       
                   Secondary glass workshops would have reworked the raw glass, for instance mixing in Egyptian cobalt blue to create luxurious blue glass beads.        
                         
                          Map showing the Mesopotamian glass bead distribution including Neustrelitz in North Germany and the 10 Danish burial finds.

                   In the East, raw glass seem to have moved along established trade routes via ports like Ugarit, reaching central places such as Mycenae        
         
                   'Mycenae was the trade link to the rest of Europe. Amber beads probably went through there and the Mycenaeans were aware of the gold mines in Transylvania, copper mines in the Alps and the tin in South England, and most likely traded with them,' said Varberg.        
         
                   In Western Romania, beads made with Mesopotamian glassine elements were found in several burials and hoards.  The most prominent is the Cioclovina Cave, which had 7500 artifacts of which 2325 were glass beads, 570 faience beads and 1770 amber beads.In Neustrelitz, North Germany a ceramic vessel containing 880 objects was found, with 20 amber beads and 179 glass beads.  
                   Recent analysis of Danish glass beads has demonstrated that Mesopotamian glass is represented in 10 Danish burials.  The most recent analysis of the chemistry of a blue glass bead from Puggegaard, Bornholm, has yielded yet another Mesopotamian result. The glass bead  was found close to an amber bead in the burial of a woman, from 1400-1100 BCE. The grave also contained a bronze tutulus and bronze tubes for decorating a corded skirt.

                   Northern Germany was part of the amber trading network, Varberg says, and Romania had rich gold mines in the very same mountains where Cioclovina Cave lies.     
                   Mesopotamian glass also reached the western parts of the Mediterranean in the 14th and 13th century BCE.: 25 glass beads were found at a rich burial at Campu Stefanu, Corsica, France. From Corsica, it is possible to follow the north-south routes of exchange through the Central Alps.  
       
                   Following the north-south river systems of Europe and watersheds, there are a number of possibilities for connecting the Romanian find spots with Neustrelitz, not far away from the Baltic Sea, Bornholm Island, and the rest of Denmark.        
                   The glass from the Neustrelitz hoard shows some of the same characteristics as the Romanian and the Danish material. It is thereby possible to follow the routes, almost step-by-step, from Mesopotamia to Denmark.  


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5. Did the Irish bring horns to India 2,000 years ago? Surprising influence of Bronze Age Celtic instruments found in traditional Indian music By Richard Gray for MailOnline
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3621821/Did-Irish-bring-horns-India-2-000-years-ago-Suprising-evidence-Bronze-Age-instruments-traditional-Indian-music.html
Horns like the c-shaped kompu are used in traditional music in south India
They greatly resemble instruments used by Bronze Age Europeans
It suggests there were links between India and Europe 2,000 years ago
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