Brit-Am Historical Reports
(July 21, 2020, 29 Tammuz, 5780)
Contents:
1. Jews in England Before the Norman Conquest
2. Change of Vegetation of Migrations of R1b to Europe?
3. Origins of the Hyksos, "Shepherd-Kings," of Egypt
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1. Jews in England Before the Norman Conquest
Jacob Jacobs, "The Jews of Angevin England," London, 1893, pp. ix, and 2-3, finds evidence of the presenceo f Jews in the canon laws of the Archbishop of Canterbury and of York from 669 on:
"A document issued by King Witglaf of Mercia, in 833, confirms the right of the monks of the cloister of Croyland, to all the possession given them by earlier kings of Merica, nobles, and other faithful Christians, and also to thjose receivbed from MJews, as gift, pledge, or otherwise." Source: "The Ghetto," by Louis Wirth, 1928, p.14.
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2. Change of Vegetation of Migrations of R1b to Europe?
The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene
Fernando Racimo, Jessie Woodbridge, etc.
https://www.academia.edu/42650933/The_spatiotemporal_spread_of_human_migrations_during_the_European_Holocene
Shows how a change in vegetation cover from forest to steppe accompanied YMNAYA Cultures ( Beaker) [and therefore the spread of R1b].
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3. Origins of the Hyksos, "Shepherd-Kings," of Egypt
Who were the Hyksos? Challenging traditional narratives using strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis of human remains from ancient Egypt
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0235414
by Chris Stantis ,Arwa Kharobi ,Nina Maaranen ,Geoff M. Nowell,Manfred Bietak,Silvia Prell,Holger Schutkowski
brought to our attention by Mark Williams
Abstract
A foreign dynasty, known as the Hyksos, ruled parts of Egypt between c. 1638-1530 BCE. Their origins are thought to be rooted in the Near East, which is supported by architectural features and grave accoutrements of Tell el-Dabca. In this former Hyksos capital in the Eastern Nile Delta, burial culture is characterized by a blend of Egyptian and Near Eastern elements. However, investigations are still ongoing as to where the Hyksos came from and how they rose to power. The aim of this study is to elucidate the question of possible provenience. We present the results of strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of human tooth enamel (n = 75) from Tell el-Dabca, focusing on comparing pre- and during Hyksos rule and sex-based differences. An influx of non-locals can be observed in the pre-Hyksos period (12th and 13th Dynasties, c. 1991-1649 BCE) during the constitution of this important harbor town, while the number of individuals already born in the Delta is larger during the Hyksos period. This is consistent with the supposition that, while the ruling class had Near Eastern origins, the Hyksos' rise to power was not the result of an invasion, as popularly theorized, but an internal dominance and takeover of foreign elite. There is a preponderance of non-local females suggesting patrilocal residence. We discuss our findings against the current evidence of material culture and historiography, but more investigation in Near Eastern comparative sites has to be conducted to narrow our future search for the actual origins of the Hyksos.