Genetic Change?
DNA Differences between Different sections of the Israelite Tribes. 27 July 2025, 2 Av 5785
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Contents:
1. Introduction.
2. Types of DNA.
3. DNA Replacement does not Necessary mean Different People!
4. Stone Ages, Copper Ages, Bronze Age, etc.
5. What Happened to the Neolithic Peoples?
6. Was Plague Disease a factor in BB Spreading?
7. Historical Examples of Sex-Selection in Plague Visitations.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
DNA differences help us understood which races populated certain areas.
Different examinations of DNA exist.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2. Types of DNA.
Autosomal DNA
This is found in both males and females. It can be inherited either through the father, or mother, or both.
AI Overview
refers to the 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes in humans that are not sex chromosomes (X and Y) and are inherited equally from both parents, making them crucial for genetic genealogy tests to trace ancestry and relationships across multiple lines.
YDNA
pertains to the male line and is passed down from father to son.
mtDNA (mitochrondia)
pertains to the female line and is passed down from mother to daughter.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
3. DNA Replacement does not Necessary mean Different People!
Under normal conditions, DNA is hereditary.
Nevertheless, under abnormal conditions whole sections of the population, or all the population together, experience a change in their DNA. By DNA we mean inherited traits. Science does not recognize hereditary changes outside of the sphere of DNA.
This change may take place virtually overnight or take several centuries. It may encompass all of the population or only a portion of it.
In the case of DNA transposons this is proven to take place. It is also implied in all DNA studies.
Rabbinical Chronology.
We have accepted Rabbinical Chronology. According to this the Dispersion of Mankind from Babylon took place in about 2000 BCE.
All DNA changes assumedly took place after that. This does not leave us enough time for each change to occur in one single individual and then by way of procreation to spread all over. The DNA changes needed to befall many, or all, members of the different groups at once. This date also evokes the need to adapt our understanding of Ancient History. Mankind is not that old. By reducing the span of time from one ere to another our understanding wil be nehanced. Many anomalies will be resolved. This understanding solves more problems than it causes and brings us closer to the truth.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
4. Stone Ages, Copper Ages, Bronze Age, etc.
Historically there was a Stone Age, a New Stone Age (Neolithic), A Copper Age (Chalcolithic) at the end of the Neolithic, and a Bronze Age.Then came the Iron Ages.
Some Revisionist Historians have claimed that all these "Ages" were co-eval, i.e. they took place at one and the same time.
This may be correct but assuming there is some thing to the divisions this is what they say took place.
In the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) leading into the Bronze Age Europe was conquered by bearers of the Bell-Beaker Civilization.
In Britain (Ireland and England) the BBs replaced ca. 90% of the previous Neolithic population. On the Continent the replacement was not so absolute but it still involved the majority of Neolithic Peoples disappearing.
The BBs were mostly YHaplogroup R1b. The BBs are often defined as Steppe Herders from the east and associated with Yamnaya Culture (north of the Black Sea) though DNA evidence only partly corresponds to this
Conventionally this is said to have taken place about 2400 BCE. We say it happened after 500 BCE.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
5. What Happeened to the Neolithic Peoples?
The BBs were not all one ethnic group.
The diffusion of Beaker pottery across central and western Europe involved different peoples. "People who made Maritime beakers were simply not the same ethnic group as those who made or used beakers in Central Europe."
Nevertheless, in Britain the BBs repalaced ca. 90% of the populace and in other places the numbers were also high and involved absolute majorities.
# It has been postulated that technologically superior Proto-Celtic warriors, equipped with Bronze weapons and riding on horses, could have massacred or enslaved indigenous men while taking their women, or that they established a ruling elite that passed on more Y chromosomes through sustained polygamy over many centuries. #
The above quotation, from Eupedia, suggests that the BBs committed genocide on the Neolithic but there is no evidence of this. On the countrary the BBs seem to have replaced the locals by slipping into their places, occupying their settlements and continuing in some place some of their burial practices, etc. In Iberia (Spain and Portugal) and other places (e.g. the Mediteranean) bearers of the R1b gene were a minority. The previous ethnos continued as it had but in harmony with the new comers who were a minority.
In Britain the BBs replaced all of the males but not the females. ca. 2/3 of the females remained.
# In German, French, Dutch and British sites containing beakers we see clearly Indo-European lineages like Y-haplogroup R1b-L11 and mt-haplogroups H4a1, I1a1, T1a, U2e, U4c1 and W5a, mixed with earlier Neolithic of Mesolithic (female) lineages (H1, H3, T2e, U5).#
In Iberia no genetic replacement took place but Bell Beaker Culture took over together with some few BB male R1b immigrants appearing.
# ....in Spain and Portugal, all female lineages are in clear continuity with earlier Neolithic samples. Iberian beakers samples tested to date include mtDNA haplogroups H1, H3, H14, H20 (or L3), J, K, L1b, L2, L3a, T2, U, V and X. On the male side, some R1b men do show up among the Neolithic I2a and G2a, showing that a limited migration from central Europe did occur. But the migration was much more limited than in central and northwest Europe, and the migrants to Iberia appear to have been exclusively male.
# An analysis using MyTrueAncestry.com to compare the genomes of the Bell Beaker people from Germany, France and Britain with those of modern Europeans showed that the closest match in term of genetic distance were British, Dutch, German, Danish and Swedish people.
The BB incursion Coincides with the progressive disappearance of the Megalithic culture in the British Isles, Belgium, France and northern Italy.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
6. Was Plague Disease a factor in BB Spreading?
Archaeological Findings indictate that at the time the Bell Beakers invaded the West, especially Britain, a serious outbreak of Bubonic Plague was taking place. It is said to have originated in an area of Corded War Culture in what is now Poland.
The plague historically takes forms at different times. it is know at times to attack either women more than men or men more than women.
At the time when the BBs took over the plague may have focused more on males and Yhaplogroup R1b have provided some immunity.
Here are some sources illustrating this possibility.
AI Overview
...some individuals and populations exhibit resistance to certain genetic and infectious diseases due to their DNA, a phenomenon known as genetic resistance.
This resistance can be attributed to various mechanisms, including specific genetic variations that enhance immune responses or inhibit pathogens.
AI Overview
Recent DNA studies suggest a possible link between the ancient Bell Beaker culture and the spread of the bubonic plague, specifically the Yersinia pestis bacterium, in Europe around 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. This research indicates that a specific lineage of Yersinia pestis may have been carried by migrating steppe-derived populations who also brought the Bell Beaker culture to Britain, potentially contributing to significant population shifts and the decline of earlier Neolithic societies.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
7. Historical Examples of Sex-Selection in Plague Visitations.
(1) More women affected in the Netherlands, 1300s CE.
The sex-selective impact of the Black Death and recurring plagues in the Southern Netherlands, 1349-1450.
Daniel R. Curtis, Joris Roosen
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.23266
Although recent work has begun to establish that early modern plagues had selective mortality effects, it was generally accepted that the initial outbreak of Black Death in 1347-52 was a 'universal killer.' Recent bioarchaeological work, however, has argued that the Black Death was also selective with regard to age and pre-plague health status. The issue of the Black Death's potential sex selectivity is less clear. Bioarchaeological research hypothesizes that sex-selection in mortality was possible during the initial Black Death outbreak, and we present evidence from historical sources to test this notion.
We find that the Black Death period of 1349-51, as well as recurring plagues in the 100 years up to 1450, often had a sex-selective effect, killing more women than in 'non-plague years.'
(2) More Males affected in England, 1300s.
Black Death
By Dr Mike Ibeji
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/black_01.shtml
In 1390 a great plague ravaged the country. It especially attacked adolescents and boys, who died in incredible numbers in towns and villages everywhere. (Thomas Walsingham)
The message is clear: the plague was hitting the population of England where it hurt most, in its young. Modern research shows that it was entirely possible for the plague to have become both age and gender specific by the 1360s, with profound consequences for the reproductive cycle of the population. By the 1370s, the population of England had been halved and it was not recovering.
Most historians are willing to agree that the Black Death killed between 30-45% of the population between 1348-50.
(3) More Males affected in England, 1600s.
The gendered dimensions of London's last bubonic plague epidemic 1665-1666
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17477891.2022.2141181
Kent B. Barnes
There was a female bias in deaths during metropolitan London's last epidemic of bubonic plague. This was unusual for the period and place, for on an annual basis, male deaths typically exceeded female deaths, a pattern that included prior plague years. This study examines this gender bias in mortality during the 1665-1666 epidemic through statistical analyses and a review of prior studies.