Independence

Zionism, Britain, and the Arabs. Some Notes. 23 March 2026, 5 Nissan 5786.

Contents:
1. An Obligation to live in Israel free from foreign control.
2. Early History.
3. The Jewish Legion.
4. Restorationism and Early Zionism.
5. Balfour. Britain as Joseph.
6. The British Mandate.
7. World War 2 and the Holocaust.
8. Fiction Between the Jews and British. The King David Hotel Explosion.
9. The Arab-Jewish Civil War.
10. War of Independence.

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1. An Obligation to live in Israel free from foreign control.

The Jewish Religion emphasize the virtues of living in the Land of Israel.
See:
"The Land of Israel" by Yehonatan Davidiy
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/guest/the-land-of-israel-by-yehonatan-davidiy.html
FOR THE LORD HATH CHOSEN ZION; HE HATH DESIRED IT FOR HIS HABITATION.
THIS IS MY REST FOR EVER: HERE WILL I DWELL; FOR I HAVE DESIRED IT [Psalms 132:13-14].
[Deuteronomy 11:12] A LAND WHICH THE LORD THY GOD CARETH FOR: THE EYES OF THE LORD THY GOD ARE ALWAYS UPON IT, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR EVEN UNTO THE END OF THE YEAR.

It is in effect an obligation when other factors do not interfere. So too, Jews are obliged in principle to live freely from Foreign control.

Deuteronomy (CJB) 17:
14 WHEN YOU COME TO THE LAND THE LORD, YOUR GOD, IS GIVING YOU, AND YOU POSSESS IT AND LIVE THEREIN, AND YOU SAY, "I WILL SET A KING OVER MYSELF, LIKE ALL THE NATIONS AROUND ME,"
15 YOU SHALL SET A KING OVER YOU, ONE WHOM THE LORD, YOUR GOD, CHOOSES; FROM AMONG YOUR BROTHERS, YOU SHALL SET A KING OVER YOURSELF; YOU SHALL NOT APPOINT A FOREIGNER OVER YOURSELF, ONE WHO IS NOT YOUR BROTHER.

Taking the two sources together means you should dwell in the Land of Israel and no foreigner shall rule over you. This in effect is "Zionism."

If the ruling Jews in control however are against the Jewish Religion the situation is complicated.

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2. Early History.

The Jews had been expelled by force from the Land. Nevertheless, individuals and occasionally groups were always returning or attempting to do so.
Since 640 CE the Land had been under Muslim Control The Ottoman Turks took possession in 1516.
Concentrated efforts to increase Jewish numbers were made in the 1600s, and 1700s.
In the 1800s.there were Jews in Palestine who had arrived from Yemen, North Africa, and Central Asia., as well ass from Europe.
Between 1840 and 1880, the Jewish population in Ottoman Syria rose from 9,000 to 23,000. Syria was considered part of the Land of Israel.

The First Aliyah.
From 1881 to 1903 there came the First Aliyah. This increased the existing Jewish population from 25,000 to 55,000. Most of the new immigrants were traditionally Torah observant Jewish families but non-observant Jews were also present.
They came mainly from Eastern Europe. A smaller number came from other areas such as Yemen.
Many of the very first European Jewish immigrants gave up after a few months and went back to their country of origin, often suffering from hunger and disease.
Nevertheless, agricultural settlements were established all over the country. At the beginning they nearly all came under the support of the Rothschild Family. Almost all Jews arriving were agricultural workers
Meanwhile in Europe there were political upheavals, persecutions, and economic dislocations. Jews were migrating everywhere. Many Jews moved out heading to the USA and other areas.
Palestine was a drop in the bucket.

In Europe there were organizations known as "Hovevei Zion" (lit. 'Lovers of Zion'), that were responsible for the creation of 20 Jewish towns in Palestine between 1870 and 1897.
Most of these were basically Traditionally Religious but there were some few Secular Modern Zionists among them.
Modern Zionism was the idea that Jews could settle in the Holy Land without necessarily leading a fully religious Jewish life.
The world was changing . Jews everywhere were becoming more and more secular.
Theodore Herzl wrote "The Jewish State" in 1896. Herzl spoke of creating a modern Jewish State in the area of Palestine.
Others had previously said the same thing but the message of Herzl had a greater effect.

The Second Aliyah.
Between 1904 and 1914 approximately 35,000 Jews, mostly from Russia, with some from Yemen arrived.
During this time 2 million Jews emigrated from Eastern Europe to the USA and other lands. In Palestine David Ben-Gurion estimated that 90% of the Second Aliyah 'despaired of the country and left'.
The Ottoman Turks were against the Jews. Through Expulsions, deportations, arrests, denial of Ottoman nationality, etc., the Jewish numbers of Jews was diminished.
Many of the remaining Jews found jobs as silversmiths, constructions workers and other professions.
The use of the Hebrew Language after a struggle became dominant.
Secular Jewish ideologies had existed from the beginning. They now began to dominate.
There was much Zionist activity outside the Land of Israel which influenced the climate within Palestine.
Jews became the majority element in Jerusalem but with the First World War all holders of Russian passports were expelled. Most of the expelees went to Egypt which was under British control.
Many of those who remained were stricken by famine and disease especially in Jerusalem.
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3. The Jewish Legion.

During the 1st World War, a series of Jewish battalions were created to assist the British against the Turks.
First came the Zion Mule Corps inspired by Joseph Trumpeldor. It was formed from Jewish Exiles from Palestine who were then in Egypt. Established in1915 it was responsible for transporting supplies to the front lines during the Gallipoli campaign, in Turkey.
Its commander was John Henry Patterson who was a Restorationist> Patterson was also a believer in British Israel considering the British Peoples to be descended from the Lost Ten Tribes. Towards the end of the campaign Patterson was replaced by Joseph Trumpledor.
The unit was praised for its performance. After the campaign the corps was disbanded, and some of its members joined the subsequent Jewish battalions.
After that more units came into being. They are referred to collectively as the Jewish Legion.
The 38th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), commonly referred to as the "London Battalion", was mainly comprised of Jews from London, with a smaller number of Americans. The battalion, was led by Patterson.
The 39th Battalion was known as "the American Battalion," since most of its soldiers came from the Jewish community in the United States, but had a minority from England.
Some members of the Legion participated in the British conquest of Palestine from the Turks.
Jabotinsky was a leader of the Legion. He was a journalist, a poet, and an ideologue who holds a prominent place in Zionist history.
The idea for the battalions had been proposed by Pinhas Rutenberg, Dov Ber Borochov and Ze'ev Jaboinsky and carried out by Jabotinsky and Joseph Trumpeldor, who aspired that the battalions should become an independent military force of the Yishuv (Jewish Settlement) in Palestine.
This did not happen but their activities significantly contributed to the establishment of paramilitaries such as the Haganah and the Irgun that later became the foundation for the Israel Defense Forces.
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4. Restorationism and Early Zionism.

Meanwhile Restorationism, also referred to as "Christian Zionism", was developing among the Gentiles especially those of Britain and the USA.
After the Protestant Reformation certain writers raised the possibility of restoring the Jews to their Land. Most of them linked this restoration with the Jews becoming Christian.
Not all of them however mentioned this. It was usually not the main point. In the time of Oliver Cromwell and his immediate followers such ideas became more and more popular. Cromwell himself did not necessarily see the need for the Jews to become Christians.
This idea was repeated by writers in France, Spain, Germany, and the USA. Britain was especially blessed with thinkers along those lines.
Among initiators of the Balfour Declaration were to be found Lloyd George and Alfred Balfour both of whom came from Restorationist backgrounds.

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5. Balfour. Britain as Joseph.
Chaim Weizman (1874-1952) in England played an important role in agitating among British politicians helping to bring the Declaration into being.

The Balfour Declaration
Balfour and Today
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/16/balfour.html

Britain as Joseph
Historical Roles we were unaware of.
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/16/britainasjoseph.html
b. Metaphysical Explanations.
In Biblical Times the Ten Tribes had separated from Judah. They lost awareness of their ancestry BUT they still fulfilled some of the goals they had been created for.
They (through the UK, USA, Switzerland, Scandinavian countries, etc) upgraded themselves and the rest of humanity and are still doing so. They also were destined to help their brothers their Jews return to the Land of Israel and rebuild it.
This is what they have done.
The Balfour Declaration emerged from the collective national subconscious of the British People.
They expressed what their destiny required of them.
In Rabbinical tradition the Messiah son of Joseph helps the Jews return to the Land and rebuild it. The Messiah son of Joseph represents the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel.

The British in WW2 in general and especially concerning Palestine probably saved the Jews from Extermination.
See:
Mutual Interests
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/quora/qgermany/germbalfour.html
As the German historians Martin Cuppers and Klaus Michael Mallman have demonstrated in 'Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews of Palestine,' it was only the Allied victory at El Alamein over Rommel's forces that prevented the arrival of SS units eager to carry out mass murders of Jews in North Africa and Mandatory Palestine.

See:
Christian Identity
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/quora/tentribes/ci.html

British Israelism-1
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/polemics/bitruth1.html

The Rothschilds and Israel
The Jews and British Together Created the State of Israel
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/16/zionbritain/roth.html

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6. The British Mandate.
After 1919 there came Mandatory Palestine.
The British helped the Jews though the impression has something of a see-saw effect.

British Help
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/quora/britain/help.html

"One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate," by Tom Segev, 2001., p.5.
Extracts:
# The British kept their promises to the Zionists. They opened up the country to mass Jewish immigration; by 1948, the Jewish population had increased by more than tenfold. The Jews were permitted to purchase land, develop agriculture, and establish industries and banks. The British allowed them to set up hundreds of new settlements, including several towns. They created a school system and an army; they had a political leadership and elected institutions; and with the help of all these they in the end defeated the Arabs, all under British sponsorship, all in the wake of that promise of 1917. Contrary to the widely held belief of Britain's pro-Arabism, British actions considerably favored the Zionist enterprise. #

# The British had found an underdeveloped country when they arrived, and they left behind much progress, especially among the Jews. But they also left behind much backwardness, especially among the Arabs. #
Segev, p. 9.

From 1919 to 1939 on the whole the British were positive towards the Jews.
British actions during The 1936 - 1939 Arab revolt in Palestine severely impeded the local Arabs ability to wage a war of insurgency against the Jews.
The White Paper of 1939 was a policy paper issued by the British government, led by Neville Chamberlain, in response to the 1936 - 1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.
Rejecting the Peel Commission's idea of partitioning Palestine, the paper called for the establishment of an independent Palestine State within 10 years that would share power between Jews and Arabs. It asserted that this would satisfy Britain's obligation to establish a Jewish National Home.
it acted as the governing policy for Mandatory Palestine from 1939 to the 1948 British departure.
The paper limited Jewish immigration to 75,000 for five years and ruled that further immigration would then be determined by the Arab majority.

The paper was formulated against the background of an impending war with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan. The British Empire at that time ruled over 100s of Millions of Muslim subjects.
Chamberlain opined that if he had to choose between the Arabs and the Jews then he would prefer the Arabs.
The paper was issued following the 1936 - 1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. One of the causes of this event was reportedly. the large numbers of Jews entering Palestine as a result of German persecution of the Jews in Germany and related events. The British also did not see any workable solution that would not entail a massive transfer of Arab populations. Such a transfer did indeed take place as a result of the 1948 war.
During the Second World War Jews beyond a set quota were barred from entering Palestrine.
Those who came were either interned in Palestine against the immigrant quota or sent to Cyprus where they stayed until (in principle) being released against the quota..
More than 26,000 European Jews reached Palestine during 1941-1944.

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7. World War 2 and the Holocaust.

During the 2nd World War about 6 million Jews were murdered. Prior to their death they had been dispossessed, tormented, and persecuted.
Many had attempted to flee to more safer places but had not succeeded.
In general Britain accepted a large number of Jewish refugees.
So did the USA.
The USA legally however could have accepted much more that they did.
See:

Excusing FDR's Indifference to Jews in the Holocaust.
https://aish.com/excusing-fdrs-indifference-to-jews-in-the-holocaust
President Franklin D. Roosevelt occasionally adopted a policy that may have been anti-Semitic. His wife, Eleanor, however was sympathetic and active on behalf of the Jews.
FDR refused, from 1933 to 1938, to publicly criticize Hitler's persecution of the Jews.
FDR permitted the quota for immigrants from Germany (including Jews) to America to be fully utilized in only one of his 12 years in office, and in most of those years, it was less than 25% filled. More than 190,000 quota places from Germany and Axis-occupied countries were left unused from 1933 to 1945.
There was a strong anti-Jewish sentiment in the USA and FDR felf he had no choice but to follow public opinion. FDR was a prisoner of the immigration policies carried out by the (previous) Hoover administration.
Germany had closed the borders but when there was somewhere to go many Jews still succeeding in getting out, to Switzerland, to Spain, to Sweden, etc.
Samuel Breckinridge Long was an Assistant Secretary in the US State Department during World War -2 from 1940 - 1944. He was anti-Jewish and gave false testimony concerning the number of Jews actually being admitted..
Other officals were also implicit in obstructionist attitudes aimed against Jewish applicants for refuge.

The Jewish Settlement in Israel (the 'Yishuv") was has not been absolved from blame.
The economic situation was difficult. There was a lack of food.
It is felt that the Yishuv could have done more than they did especially concerning Orthodox Jews who were being slaughtered at the time..

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yishuv
There were two periods during the war when the Yishuv faced a direct threat from Nazi forces. The first occurred following Germany's conquest of France in 1940, since the pro-Nazi Vichy regime controlled the northern Levant, from which an invasion of Palestine could take place. However, in 1941 British forces successfully fought Vichy forces for control of Syria and Lebanon, thus removing the threat of invasion from the north, at least as long as German armies in Eastern Europe could be held back by the Red Army and thus unable to easily advance towards the Near East from the north. In 1942 however, as Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps swept across North Africa with the intent of capturing the Suez Canal, the likelihood of a German invasion from the south became a real possibility, causing great anxiety in the Yishuv and prompting plans to be drawn for its defense. Knowing that Nazi control of Palestine meant certain annihilation of the Yishuv, a debate raged among Yishuv leadership whether, in the event Nazi occupation was to take place, the inhabitants of the Yishuv should evacuate together with British forces eastwards towards British possessions in Iraq and India or undertake a Masada-like last stand in Palestine, likely doing so in a fortified zone to be hastily constructed around the Carmel Mountains. This military operation was officially named Palestine Final Fortress. Fortunately for the Yishuv, the advance of German forces eastwards in Egypt was halted during the Second Battle of El Alamein, thus lifting the threat of invasion from the south. The anxious time leading to the Nazi loss at El Alamein became known as the 200 days of dread.

Despite the reports of Nazi atrocities and the desperation of Jews needing a safe haven the British kept the gates of Palestine almost closed to Jewish immigration. The Zionist leaders met at the Biltmore Hotel in New York in May 1942 and called for unrestricted Jewish immigration and the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth.

AI Report:
During the Holocaust, there was friction regarding how limited immigration certificates should be distributed. Zionist leaders prioritized young, healthy, and secular youth who were expected to build the land, often at the expense of older or religious individuals, including rabbis.
Not only "Rabbis" but whole families of Orthodox Jews were discriminated against.

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8. Fiction Between the Jews and British. The King David Hotel Explosion.

After the 2nd World War the restrictions on Jewish immigration continued. Hostilities broke out between the British and Jewish underground organization "Irgun."

Originally the Balfour Declaration had not included any caveats. It had been inclined to make its intention to establish a Jewish Home unconditional. It was mainly due to the recalcitrance of some assimilated Jewish elements that condition was introduced.
The Balfour Declaration,

# Dated Foreign Office, November 2, 1917, and signed by Arthur James Balfour; the "Declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which had been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet" read:

"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."

The original intention of the British Government had been:
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment OF [and not "in"] Palestine AS THE [and nor "of a"] national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object.

In the final Declaration however as published there followed the caveat:

# it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. #

This conditional reservation was not originally meant to be there. It was inserted as an afterthought due to Assimilationist Jewish pressure.

Nevertheless, the British persisted in restricting the numbers of Jews admitted due to Arab sensibilities.
A portion of the Jews responded to this with terror.

An explosion at the King David Hotel in Jerusalem resulted in the deaths of Ninety-one people. Those killed including 41 Arabs, 28 British citizens, 17 Jews, 2 Armenians, 1 Russian, 1 Greek and 1 Egyptian. In addition forty-nine were injured.

This may have been the 'lst straw" that caused the British to decide on leaving the Land altogether.

See:
#4. Recent Answers by Yair Davidiy to Quora Questions.
Was the Balfour Declaration an act of imperialistic altruism or self-interest by the British government?
https://hebrewnations.com/brit-am-now-no.-3368.html#a4

There may however have been British involvement in the blowing up by Zionist militants of a wing of the King David Hotel.
The Israeli-Arab Civil War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine

Lieutenant General Sir Evelyn Barker, the General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the British Forces in Palestine and Trans-Jordan,

#...favored the death penalty for 'Zionist guerrillas,' and applied it whenever he could. He suggested that the reason there was so much unrest was that previous administrations hadn't hanged enough Jews. After the bombing of the King David Hotel, he issued an order that read in part,

"I am determined that [the Jews] shall suffer punishment and be made aware of the contempt and loathing with which we regard their conduct. ....."

The problem is that the explosion may have been a British Provocation that backfired!
There were more explosives than it was thought there would be.
Some of the British in the Hotel at the time knew there were explosives present and expected them to go off.
They just did not think the explosion would be as great as it was, that it would take place in the back rooms and no further than that.
The Deputy Commander of the Jewish Underground squad responsible for blowing up the King David Hotel had been a British Agent!

Source: Quoted from:
John Shaw General Secretary of the British Mandate 1943-1946.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svqf150xK4E
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9. The Arab-Jewish Civil War.

Hostilities between the Jews and Arabs broke out after the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a resolution on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption of the Partition Plan for Palestine.
During the ensuing Civil War, Palestine's Jewish and Arab communities (the latter supported by the Arab Liberation Army) clashed while the British, who had the obligation to maintain order,organized their withdrawal and intervened only occasionally.

After 1 December, the Arab Higher Committee enacted a general strike that lasted three days.
Murders, reprisals, and counter-reprisals resulted in dozens killed on both sides. The impasse persisted as British forces did not intervene to stop the violence.

It was decided to turn the Mandate over to the USA or to the UN. The British evacuated giving the Jews most of the strategic advantages.

# Pollock [a British military administrator in Palestine] and others like him wanted the state administration to continue to function properly, and so they did in fact make a great effort to transfer it to the Jews. Some functions were handed over to the municipalities, others to the Jewish Agency. In addition, the evacuation plan, from south to north, left responsibility for Jewish population centers in British hands, almost to the very last minute, thus impeding Arab war plans. # "One Palestine Complete," Tom Segev, p.513.

According to the Evacuation Plan the Jews were to receive half the Land though they comprised only one-sixth of the population. The Arabs rebelled and were joined by the forces of neighboring Arab countries. The army of one of these hostile nations, Trans-Jordan, was staffed by British officers.
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10. The War of Independence.
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/israels-war-of-independence/
In 1947, Palestine's population of 1.85 million was approximately one-third Jewish and two-thirds Arab. The United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) proposed the end of British rule and the partition of the country into Jewish and Arab states and an internationally controlled area around Jerusalem.
On November 29, on the heels of the UN General Assembly's vote in favor of partition, Jewish settlements and neighborhoods were attacked by Palestinian guerrillas and by groups such as the Arab Liberation Army whose ranks included mainly Syrians, Lebanese, Palestinians and a few hundreds of Iraqis, Jordanians, Muslim Brotherhood from Egypt, Circassians, and Bosniaks. There were also a few German, Turkish and British deserters.
The Haganah's main challenge was to repel Arab attacks on isolated settlements, Jewish areas of mixed cities, and on the roads. .The Jewish forces repelled most Arab attacks but suffered heavy defeats.
Arab civilians began leaving the area en masse intending to return.

On April 9, 1948, the 2 irregular Jewish military organizations who had not yet been fully assimilated into the regular forces, Etzel and Lehi, invaded Deir Yassin, an Arab village near Jerusalem, killing more than 100 Arab civilians. Arab propaganda inflated the numbers of those killed and terror-stricken Arab civilians fled. and
thousands of Palestinians fled. In the north tens of thousands of additional Arab refugees fled following the conquest by the Palmach (an offshoot of the Haganah) of Haifa, Jaffa, Safed, and Tiberias.
About this same time, the Druze in the Galilee who had been aligned with the Arabs changed sides and began to help the Jews.
Meanwhile a month-long cease-fire was brokered by the United Nations. Previously elements within the administration of President Truman had been working against Israel. Truman went in the opposite direction with a vengeance. Jews were enabled to purchase unused aeroplanes (from Junk yards, army surplus stockpiles, etc) and to hire unemployed American pilots and despite legal restriction) were allowed to purchase valuable war equipment. President Truman of the USA had recognized the new State of Israel 11 minutes after its announcement on May 14, 1948. By mid-May, the Haganah had routed the Arab forces and was in control of the major cities and more than 100 Palestinian villages. It had 30,000 fighters under arms and had taken delivery of a major arms purchase from Czechoslovakia. On May 14, 1948, the eve of Britain's departure, David Ben Gurion declared the establishment of the State of Israel at a ceremony in Tel Aviv. The next day, the new state was invaded by the armies of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq.
Following the War of Independence in 1948 the State of Israel was recognized by a majority of UN member states. Britain abstained from the voting but encouraged its dominions and Commonwealth associates to vote in favor of Israel.
Hostilities resumed in July 1948. This was followed by the invasion by five Arab armies; the ensuing war lasted until July 1949.

In Operation Dani, the IDF broke the siege of Jerusalem by capturing Lod and Ramle, two Arab towns in the Jerusalem corridor; 50,000 Palestinian refugees fled their homes. In October, 1948, following a second UN-sponsored truce, the IDF captured the upper Galilee in Operation Hiram and, in operations Yoav and Horev, drove the Egyptian army out of the Negev by December. In March 1949, Operation Uvda saw Israeli forces complete their conquest of the southern part of the country by capturing Eilat.
The War of Independence was concluded by the signing of armistice agreements between Israel and the surrounding Arab states. Israel was left in control of 78 percent of mandatory Palestine - around 50 percent more than it had been allocated in the partition plan. The remaining 22 percent was split between Jordan (West Bank and East Jerusalem) and Egypt (Gaza Strip). An independent Palestine was never established, and no Arab state recognized Israel's existence.
Jordan annexed the West Bank but the annexation was recognized only by Britain and Pakistan. This may have been connived at by the Jews who preferred a Jordanian presence than one more radical.

The British attitude was ambivalent but on the whole usually more pro-Jewish than not. It was not really altruism, nor was it entirely self-interest. It may also be considered National Self-Expression!
cf.

# Pollock [a British military administrator in Palestine] and others like him wanted the state administration to continue to function properly, and so they did in fact make a great effort to transfer it to the Jews. Some functions were handed over to the municipalities, others to the Jewish Agency. In addition, the evacuation plan, from south to north, left responsibility for Jewish population centers in British hands, almost to the very last minute, thus impeding Arab war plans. # Segev, p.513.

"Nowhere more than in Britain has the idea of the Restoration of the Jews been developed into a doctrine and become the object of a movement extending over more than three centuries. Only in Britain the leading spokesmen of many generations have been inspired by the vision of a revived Israel. Only there the creation of a Jewish National Home has been a serious and almost continuous political issue which was finally translated into reality."

"The idea of Israel's Restoration is rooted in the fundamentals of the Commonwealth, Inseparable, from the character and history of the British nation in spite of a temporary abandonment..."

"The movement [i.e. Restoration of the Jewish Independent Kingdom] [is].. an integral part of British religious, social and political history forming a parallel, not an annex, of the histories of Jewish Messianism and Zionism

.... The recognition of Israel's Restoration as an organic part of British political ideas... a genuine religious, humanitarian and political trend within British history."
Franz Kobler, "THE VISION WAS THERE", UK 1956 pp.7-9.