The New World and Columbus.
Contents:
1. The Hebrew Bible and Tanach.
2. The 12 Minor Prophets.
3. Septuagent.
4. Esdras. Arsareth and the Lost Ten Tribes.
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1. The Hebrew Bible and Tanach.
The Hebrew Bible is divided into 3 sections:
1.Torah, i.e. the Five Books of Moses, the first five books of the Bible. The term "Torah means "teaching" and may also be applied to religious teaching in general. The Torah in the sense of the first 5 books is also called "Chomesh" (i.e. Five). This is also known as the "Pentateuch."
2. Nevi'im, i.e. the Prophets.
The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets - the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; and the Latter Prophets of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
3. Ketuvim, i.e. the Writings or "Hagiographa".
The term "Tanach" is an acronym from these three names i.e. the initial letters of TorAh-Neviim-Ketuviim give us "Tanach."
The Tanach was written in Biblical Hebrew, apart from a few passages in Biblical Aramaic (in the books of Daniel and Ezra, and the verse Jeremiah 10:11).
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2. The 12 Minor Prophets.
The Prophets include the Twelve Minor Prophets that are counted together as one book.
"Trei Asar" is the name given to the 12 Minor Prophets, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
In Aramaic Trei Asar" means Twelve.
"Trei Asar" NY, 1995, is also the name of an English-language work of Commentary on these prophets. It is part of the Artscroll Tanach Series.
The section on the Book of Hosea and some of the others was authored by Rabbi Matis Roberts.
Hosea (NLT) 1:
10 YET THE TIME WILL COME WHEN ISRAEL'S PEOPLE WILL BE LIKE THE SANDS OF THE SEASHORE TOO MANY TO COUNT! THEN, AT THE PLACE WHERE THEY WERE TOLD, 'YOU ARE NOT MY PEOPLE,' IT WILL BE SAID, 'YOU ARE CHILDREN OF THE LIVING GOD.' 11 THEN THE PEOPLE OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL WILL UNITE TOGETHER. THEY WILL CHOOSE ONE LEADER FOR THEMSELVES, AND THEY WILL RETURN FROM EXILE TOGETHER. WHAT A DAY THAT WILL BE - THE DAY OF JEZREEL -- WHEN GOD WILL AGAIN PLANT HIS PEOPLE IN HIS LAND.
In the Modern printed versions of the Hebrew Bible the division of the verses is more or less the same as in the English translations but the division of chapter is often different.
For instance Chapter 2 of Hosea in the Hebrew version begins Hosea 1:10.
In this case the Hebrew version is following an early Christian arrangement for printing purposes.
Rabbi Mattis comments (1:10):
'YOU ARE NOT MY PEOPLE,' IT WILL BE SAID, 'YOU ARE CHILDREN OF THE LIVING GOD.'
Whereas they had previously bdeen rejected by the Almighty for their wickedness they will once again regain His favor by returning to His ways (Radak; Abarbanel)... At that time they will earn for themselves the title The Children of the Living God (Radak).... Iben Ezra interprets that they will continue to pursue their sinful ways while in exile....
Much of the Bible continues in the same vein. The overall impression is that the Ten Tribes were to lose awareness of their ancestry and to mostly follow pagan ways.
The Ten Tribes had been exiled for being pagans (2-Kings ch. 17).
Here and there however in later generations there were reports that a portion of the Ten Tribes still kept aspects of the Torah.
This may be true to some degree.
The Khazars who converted to Judaism believed they were from the Ten Tribes and had kept some Jewish custom even before converting.
Similar accounts exist concerning the Jews of Yemen though Most Jewish Yemenites disagree with this.
See Also:
Hebrews in Yemen!
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/secular/yemen.html
About 15% of the Jews of Tunisia believed they descended from the Tribe of Zebulon and a few families in Morocco said they pertained to Ephraim.
There may be something to these traditions but it involves only a small percentage of the Jewish population.
Most of the Ten Tribes remained pagans and were lost.
The idea that a few of the Jews still kept some of the commandments was to appear elsewhere.
Before we elaborate on this matter we should clarify a few more points concerning the Bible as we know it.
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3. Septuagent.
The Tanach as know it fist existed in separate scrolls. The Torah itself was considered absolutely sacred and had existed from the Time of Moses.
The other books had been written by Prophets or Inspired sages,
These had existed in the form of sacred scrolls. In addition to these there were other books that ultimately were rejected.
When the Jews return from Babylon in the time of Eza (480 - 440 BCE or according the Sages about 100 years later), and his peers they created the Great Council.
The Great Council considered of 120 members some of whom were prophets. They edited the prophetic Books that already existed and decided which works would be included in the Canon of the Bible and which would not. Those books that were rejected were considered heretical or problematic and reading them was discouraged.
Meanwhile the Jewish Daspora increased and multiplied. At one stage there were reportedly millions of Jews in Egypt. Egypt was rulked by Ptomenies who were of Greek-Macedonian origin. The common language was "Koine" a dialect of Greek. For many Jews that was the only language they understood.
Analysis of the language has established that the Torah, or Pentateuch (the first five books of the Old Testament), was translated ca . 250 BCE and that the rest of the Old Testament was translated in the 100s BCE.
# The name Septuagint (from the Latin septuaginta, ("70") was derived from the legend that there were 72 translators, 6 from each of the 12 tribes of Israel, who worked independently to translate the whole and ultimately produced identical versions. Another legend holds that the translators were sent to Alexandria by Eleazar, the chief priest at Jerusalem, at the request of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285 - 246 BCE), though its source, the Letter of Aristeas, is unreliable. Despite the tradition that it was perfectly translated, there are large differences in style and usage between the Septuagint's translation of the Torah and its translations of the later books in the Old Testament. #
The Septuagent is considered an unreliable translation and contains additions of questionable reliability.
The Early Christians adopted the Septuagent whereas Jews abandoned it altogether.
# The Greek text, not the original Hebrew, was the main basis for the Old Latin, Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and part of the Arabic translations of the Old Testament and has never ceased to be the standard version of the Old Testament in the Greek church. #
# In addition to all the books of the Hebrew canon, the Septuagint under Christian auspices separated the minor prophets and some other books and added the extra books known to Protestants and Jews as apocryphal and to Roman Catholics as deuterocanonical. The Hebrew canon has three divisions: the Torah (Law), the Nevi im (Prophets), and the Ketuvim (Writings). The Septuagint has four: law, history, poetry, and prophets, with the books of the Apocrypha inserted where appropriate. This division has continued in the Western church in most modern Bible translations, except that in Protestant versions the Apocrypha are either omitted or grouped separately. #
From the 300s CE copies of the Septuagint included other books and additions not present in the Hebrew Bible and not uniform in their contents.
These books are known as Apocrypha and were in Greek. They include:
# The first two books of Maccabees; Tobit; Judith; the Wisdom of Solomon; Sirach; Baruch (including the Letter of Jeremiah), and additions to Esther and Daniel. The Septuagint version of some books, such as Daniel and Esther, are longer than those in the Masoretic Text, which were affirmed as canonical in Rabbinic Judaism. The Septuagint Book of Jeremiah is shorter than the Masoretic Text.The Psalms of Solomon, 1 Esdras, 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees, the Letter of Jeremiah, the Book of Odes, the Prayer of Manasseh and Psalm 151 are included in some copies of the Septuagint. #
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4. Esdras. Arsareth and the Lost Ten Tribes.
One of the Apocrypha is know as "Esdras." It is in Latin and is found in some Catholic and other Bibles.
2 Esdras
2 Esdras (also called 4 Esdras, Latin Esdras, or Latin Ezra) is an apocalyptic book in some English versions of the Bible.[a][b][2] Tradition ascribes it to Ezra, a scribe and priest of the fifth century BC, whom the book identifies with the sixth-century figure Shealtiel.
Christopher Columbus quoted verse (Esdras 4) 6:42, which describes the Earth as being created with six parts land and one part water, in his appeal to the Catholic Monarchs for financial support for his first voyage of exploration.
Esdras also speaks of the Lost Ten Tribes:
2 Esdras 13:
https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/2-Esdras-13-40/
39 AND WHEREAS THOU SAWEST THAT HE GATHERED ANOTHER PEACEABLE MULTITUDE UNTO HIM; 40 THOSE ARE THE TEN TRIBES, WHICH WERE CARRIED AWAY PRISONERS OUT OF THEIR OWN LAND IN THE TIME OF OSEA THE KING, WHOM SALMANASAR THE KING OF ASSYRIA LED AWAY CAPTIVE, AND HE CARRIED THEM OVER THE WATERS, AND SO CAME THEY INTO ANOTHER LAND. 41 BUT THEY TOOK THIS COUNSEL AMONG THEMSELVES, THAT THEY WOULD LEAVE THE MULTITUDE OF THE HEATHEN, AND GO FORTH INTO A FURTHER COUNTRY, WHERE NEVER MANKIND DWELT, 42 THAT THEY MIGHT THERE KEEP THEIR STATUTES, WHICH THEY NEVER KEPT IN THEIR OWN LAND. 43 AND THEY ENTERED INTO EUPHRATES BY THE NARROW PLACES OF THE RIVER.
The word translated as "ANOTHER LAND" in the original text is "Arsareth."
Arsareth has an uncertain meaning but it is believed to be derived from the Hebrew "Erets Acheret."
This is translated as "Another Land" but a more literal Translation could render it as "New World."
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/tribes/america.html
Deuteronomy 29:28 AND THE L-RD ROOTED THEM OUT OF THEIR LAND IN ANGER, AND IN WRATH, AND IN GREAT INDIGNATION, AND CAST THEM INTO ANOTHER LAND, AS IT IS THIS DAY.
The Talmud (Mishna, Sanhedrin 10) says that this Biblical Prophecy refers to the Lost Ten Tribes who were destined to remain in 'Eretz Acheret' until close to the End Times.
ARZARETH:
By: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Kaufmann Kohler
https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1867-arzareth
The name of the land beyond the great river, far away from the habitation of man, in which the Ten Tribes of Israel will dwell, observing the laws of Moses, until the time of the restoration, according to IV Esd. xiii. 45. Columbus identified America with this land. (See Kayserling's "Christopher Columbus," translated by Dr. C. Gross, p. 15.)
The name, it has been suggested by Schiller-Szinessy, is taken from Deut. xxix. 24-27, "Because they forsook the covenant of the Lord . . . and went and served other gods . . . the Lord rooted them out of their land . . . and cast them into another land [erets aheret] as this day." This passage is made to refer (in Mishnah Sanh. x. 3) to the Ten Tribes (compare Tosef., Sanh. xiii. 12; Bab. ib. 110b; Yer. ib. x. 29c; Ab. R. N., ed. Schechter, A, xxxvi. 108, and Bacher, "Agada der Tannaiten," i. 143).
So there we have it.
Columbus was looking for the "New World" also know as "Arsareth" where the Ten Tribes were said to be.
Hebrew America -2.
https://hebrewnations.com/articles/america/america2.html
Manasseh ben Israel repeated this notion of Colombus. He understood from the sources that the Lost Ten Tribes would be the American Continent.
He have shown that on this matter Columbus and Manasseh ben Israel were correct. They were mistaken concerning the timing!
According to the Bible and related sources the Lost Ten Tribes will be in western Europe and North America and related areas in the End Times.
They were not yet there in the time of Columbus and Manasseh.
They were to get there later and they have done so closer to the End Times.