Dutch DNA.
Dutch DNA: What is the Genetic History of the Netherlands?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ck6tzEEsWHw
Funelbeakers - often associated with dolmens.
Corded Ware - R1a
Bellbeakers R1b
Germanic groups in Germany and Netherlands tracing back to Scandinavia.
Celts (La Tene) southern Netherlands.
R1b-U152 Celts from Gaul.
Germania Inferior in the south.
Frisian Lands abandones then re-settled and re-named after original Frisians.
600- 734 CE Frisian Kingdom.
Conquered by Franks 700s CR.
R1b-U106 Common among Frissians and Germans.
Danes in North and West of the Netherlands. Vikings 800s - 900s.
Establishment of modern Dutch genome 1004- 1111 CE.
Hugeonot refugee from France.
Sephardic Jews from Spain and Portugal.
2020 study r1b I
I -M170 27.8 % (northeast and north)
R1b-M40 13.8%
R1b-L48 15.1%
Catholic-Protestant Divide reflected in DNA.