Research Sources from Brit-Am Now nos. 751-800
Research Extracts-16
Research Sources from Brit-Am Now nos. 751-800
Contents:
a. GENERAL
1. Ancient British Links to the East
2. Poll (2006) of Americans 42% Israel was given to the Jewish people by God
3. Scythians
4. Irish Anti-Semitism in WW2
5. Messiah son of Joseph by Rav Saadia Gaon
6. Knowledge of Australia in Ancient Times
7. Jacob Jonker: The origin of the word "Yankee"
8. Steve Coneglan: Parallels between Simeon and Australia
9. Rabbinical Source: Repentance of Ten Tribes Precedes that of Judah?
10. Essru and Sru in Ireland
11. Emmet Sweeney and the dating of New Grange
12. HEBRAIC LAW AND CUSTOM in CELTIC BRITAIN
13. Dr. Richard Griffiths: Star of King David on US Marine Swords
14. Ancient Middle East Boats in Britain
15. Spain and Scotland: Ancient Connections
16. Herman L. Hoeh: Compendium of World History
17. Dolmens in Germany
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b. DNA
1. Different North-South DNA cuts through DNA Haplogroups?
2. DNA News: R1b from Ancient Israel??
3. William Adelman: (Important) Genetic Links Between Vikings and Jews
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GENERAL
1. Ancient British Links to the East
"Brit-Am Now"-752
http://www.britam.org/now/752Now.html
7. Ancient British Links to the East
Interesting Site
Racial Reality
http://www.sitesled.com/members/racialreality/britons.html
"Cornwall, which is the darkest county in England and an ancient Keltic linguistic stronghold, contains, like Wales, strong vestiges of a pre-Keltic population.... A large-bodied, muscular type, with a head which is frequently brachycephalic, is common here, and must be attributed to the Bronze Age invasions.... Besides having medium or tall stature, and a tendency to brachycephaly, they are said to be heavy-bodied, lateral in build, thick-necked, with features of a somewhat Armenoid cast, dark, curly hair, thick eyebrows, and eyes which are frequently brown. This type...may...be associated with the strong local belief that the Cornish are descended from Phoenicians.
"The majority of the brunet dolichocephals, however, belong rather to the Long Barrow race of Megalithic introduction from the eastern Mediterranean shorelands."
(Carleton S. Coon, The Races of Europe)
38.9% of Y-chromosome lineages in the North Welsh town of Abergele were found to belong to North African-specific haplogroup 21. This frequency may have been somewhat inflated by genetic drift and sampling error, but it nevertheless shows clearly the presence of a non-European Mediterranean element in the aboriginal populations of Britain. The study in question also found North Wales to have been much less affected by Anglo-Saxon and Celtic invasions than surrounding areas, which would make the people there representative of Ancient Britons as a whole.
(Weale et al., Mol Biol Evol, 2002)
* * *
"Today, just under 17 per cent of native Europeans that we have sampled are in the clan of [Middle-Eastern] Jasmine (mtDNA J). Unlike the other six clans, the descendants of Jasmine are not found evenly distributed throughout Europe. One distinctive branch follows the Mediterranean coast to Spain and Portugal, whence it has found its way to the west of Britain where it is particularly common in Cornwall, Wales and the west of Scotland."
(Brian Sykes, The Seven Daughters of Eve)
Linguistics
"An interesting feature of Celtic languages is that in several characteristics they resemble some non-Indo-European languages. These characteristics include the absence of a present participle and the use instead of a verbal noun (found also in Egyptian and Berber), the frequent expression of agency by means of an impersonal passive construction instead of by a verbal subject in the nominative case (as in Egyptian, Berber, Basque, and some Caucasian and Eskimo languages), and the positioning of the verb at the beginning of a sentence (typical of Egyptian and Berber)."
(The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)
* * *
Some Cambro-Britannic Hebraisms:
(Charles Edwards, Univ. of Oxford, 1675)
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2. Poll (2006) of Americans 42% Israel was given to the Jewish people by God
"Brit-Am Now"-758
http://www.britam.org/now/758Now.html
9. Poll of Americans 42% Israel was given to the Jewish people by God
From: imra@netvision.net.il
Poll of Americans 42% Israel was given to the Jewish people by God
August 24, 2006
http://pewforum.org/docs/index.php?DocID=153
....
Israel and Biblical Prophecy
A substantial minority of the public views the state of Israel through a
religious lens. Indeed, a plurality of the public (42%) believes that Israel
was given to the Jewish people by God. Similarly, more than one-in-three
Americans (35%) say that Israel is part of the fulfillment of biblical
prophecy about the second coming of Jesus. These numbers are largely
unchanged since 2003.
In the South, a solid majority (56%) believes that Israel was given to the
Jewish people by God, and nearly half (45%) say that Israel fulfills
biblical prophecy about the second coming of Jesus. In other regions of the
country, there is much less support for these points of view.
Among religious groups, white evangelical Protestants stand out for their
widespread belief that Israel was given by God to the Jews (69%), and that
Israel is the fulfillment of biblical prophecy (59%). Majorities of black
Protestants also share these points of view. White mainline Protestants and
Catholics, by contrast, are much less likely to see a religious dimension to
the establishment of the state of Israel.
Not surprisingly, beliefs about the Bible are closely related to views about
the state of Israel. Large majorities of those who view the Bible as the
literal word of God say that Israel was given by God to the Jews and that
Israel is the fulfillment of prophecy (70% and 62%, respectively). These
figures are much lower among those who do not believe the Bible is the
actual word of God.
Religious Views Shape Mideast Sympathies
The July survey also shows that many more Americans say they sympathize more
with Israel (44%) than the Palestinians (9%). A subsequent Pew survey,
conducted Aug. 9-13, found even broader support for Israel; 52% said they
sympathized more with Israel, compared with 11% who sympathized more with
the Palestinians. (See "American Attitudes Hold Steady in Face of Foreign
Crises," Aug. 17).
An analysis of the July survey finds that support for Israel is even
stronger among those who see religious implications in the
state of Israel. Indeed, a large majority (63%) of those who believe Israel
was given by God to the Jewish people say they sympathize more with Israel,
as do a majority (60%) of those who see Israel as the fulfillment of
biblical prophecy. By contrast, among those who do not share these beliefs
far fewer say they sympathize more with Israel than the Palestinians.
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IMRA - Independent Media Review and Analysis
Website: www.imra.org.il
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3. Scythians
"Brit-Am Now"-758
http://www.britam.org/now/758Now.html
4. The Scythians
Wikipedia Article on Scythians
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythia
<<Recent digs in Bel'sk 50.02 N 34.38 E near Poltava (Ukraine) have uncovered a vast city identified by Boris Shramko as Gelonus. The city's commanding ramparts and vast area of 40 square kilometers exceeded even the outlandish size reported by Herodotus. Its location at the northern edge of the Ukrainian steppe would have allowed strategic control of the north-south trade route. Judging by the finds dated to the 5th and 4th centuries BC, craft workshops and Greek pottery abounded, as well as slaves perhaps destined for Greece.>>
<< Edmund Spenser wrote that "the Chiefest [nation that settled in Ireland] I Suppose to be Scithians ... which firste inhabitinge and afterwarde stretchinge themselves forthe into the lande as theire numbers increased named it all of themselues Scuttenlande which more brieflye is Called Scuttlande or Scotlande" (A View of the Present State of Ireland, c. 1596). >>
<< Archaeologists discovered in 2000 that Scythians landed several miles outside St Austell in Cornwall and their presence had an influence on the Cornish language[citation needed]. >>>????
Wikipedia Article on Sakas (East Scythians)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakas
Some Extracts:
<< The most notable Saka burial to date, whose occupant is referred to as the "Golden Man", was found in Kazakhstan. The silver dish found with the "Golden Man" is of a type common to other Germanic finds and is inscribed with a form of runic writing related to that found in Germanic and Scandinavian runic writing. However full knowledge of Germanic and Scandinavian runic writing is still not complete and combined with the likelihood of linguistic distance between Indo-European and Indo-Iranian, the language and content of the "Golden Man" dish have not yet been satisfactorily deciphered.
<< European peoples
<< Some researchers have argued that both the Celtic and Germanic people came from an area southeast of the Black Sea and migrated westward to the coast of Europe, starting with the reign of the Persian king Cyrus the Great when they declined to help him in his conquest of the Babylonian empire. Herodotus (440 BC) mentions a division of Persians known as Germanioi (Hist. 1.125). However, this is probably an imprecise rendering of the name Kerman (later Greek sources have Karmanioi), and it has nothing to do with the Latin name of the Germanic people.
<< The adherents of the Saka theory point out that the burial customs of the Scythians and the Vikings show certain similarities. Furthermore, the Old English chroniclers write that when the Saxons invaded England ca. 400 AD together with the Angli, they "sent back to Scythia for reinforcements". The implication is that the Saxons considered themselves to be Scythians -- the name having traveled with them even though they were far away from the region the Greeks had labelled "Scythia". However, the chroniclers have most probably taken over the name Scythia and its somewhat imprecise usage from the Latin literature; Scythia was identified with Sweden because of a superficial similarity of the two names (due to the fact that Scythia was pronounced [sitia] in Medieval Latin).
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4. Irish Anti-Semitism in WW2
"Brit-Am Now"-774
http://www.britam.org/now/774Now.html
3. The Shame of Ireland[?]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ireland
Ireland During the Holocaust
Ireland's behaviour towards Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust was, in the later words of Justice Minister Michael McDowell "antipathetic, hostile and unfeeling" [7]. Dr. Mervyn O'Driscoll of University College Cork reported on the unofficial and official barriers that prevented Jews from finding refuge in Ireland:
Although overt anti-Semitism was untypical, the Irish were indifferent to the Nazi persecution of the Jews and those fleeing the third Reich....A successful applicant in 1938 was typically wealthy, middle-aged or elderly, single from Austria, Roman Catholic and desiring to retire in peace to Ireland and not engage in employment. Only a few Viennese bankers and industrialists met the strict criterion of being Catholic, although possibly of Jewish descent, capable of supporting themselves comfortably without involvement in the economic life of the country.[8]
It is estimated that Ireland accepted as few as 30 Jewish refugees before and during World War II.
In line with the republican belief that "England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity", the IRA maintained links with the Nazi rgime during the Second World War. The IRA newspaper War News published anti-Semitic propaganda during this period.
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5. Messiah son of Joseph by Rav Saadia Gaon
"Brit-Am Now"-774
http://www.britam.org/now/774Now.html
5. Messiah son of Joseph in Scripture?
[Malachi 3:1] BEHOLD, I WILL SEND MY MESSENGER, AND HE SHALL PREPARE THE WAY BEFORE ME: AND THE LORD, WHOM YE SEEK, SHALL SUDDENLY COME TO HIS TEMPLE, EVEN THE MESSENGER OF THE COVENANT, WHOM YE DELIGHT IN: BEHOLD, HE SHALL COME, SAITH THE LORD OF HOSTS.
(3:1) BEHOLD, I WILL SEND MY MESSENGER; Rav Saadia Gaon (b. ce. 890 CE) says We have a tradition from our forefathers that this is the Messiah son of Joseph. He will appear first [before the messiah son of David] in the Land of Israel. He will ingather Israel from all over the world, as it says,
Ezekiel 39;28: and have left none of them there.
Also Iben Ezra says that the MESSENGER is the Messiah son of Joseph.
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6. Knowledge of Australia in Ancient Times
"Brit-Am Now"-775
http://www.britam.org/now/775Now.html
3. Knowledge of Australia in Ancient Times
http://www.abc.net.au/navigators/maps/default.htm
The idea of a Great Southern land, to balance the known land masses of the Northern Hemisphere, originated with the Classical Greeks. Both the Mela Map of 43 C.E. and the Ortelius map of 1570 show this mythical continent, Terra Australis Incognito, which persisted on the maps until Captain James Cook finally dispelled the idea by his exploration of the Antarctic Seas.
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7. Jacob Jonker: The origin of the word "Yankee"
"Brit-Am Now"-775
http://www.britam.org/now/775Now.html
8. Jacob Jonker: The origin of the word "Yankee"
To Yair Davidiy,
In your commentary concerning the second book of Isaiah, you mention that the word "Yank" is a form of Jacob. If the name "Jan" is a nickname for Jacob, then I suppose that this is true. You may already be familiar with the following explanation on the word "Yankee"; however, at the risk of being redundant, this is what I believe.
It seems to me that the origin of the word "Yankee" is derived from the Dutch jonkers(squires) of colonial America. Jonkers were, more often that not, wealthy owners of large farms and they would usually hire laborers to work for them. As payment for a season's labor, workers would customarily share in one-tenth of the farm's harvest. They would also receive cheese; a valuable commodity at the time.
In private, employees often referred to the jonker as "Jan Kaas"; especially if they were disgruntled with the jonker's arrangement with them. "Jan Kaas" means "Johnny Cheese". In the Dutch tongue, the "J" is pronounced as a "Y". As a result, when English-speaking Americans tried to mimic the words "Jan Kaas", they would also pronounce the "J" as a "Y". The rest of the nickname was anglicized. The same transformation occurs when my father, whose surname happens to be "Jonker", declares his name in a Dutch accent. English-speaking people invariably repeat "Jonker" by pronouncing the "J" as a "Y" and anglicizing the rest.
It is apparent that the word "Yankees" sounds very similar to the the anglicized pronunciation of the nickname "Jan Kaas" when the "J" is pronounced as a "Y". "Jan Kaas" sounds as "Yankaas". In English, however, words with "AA" spellings are rare and hard to say. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the "EE" spelling in the word "Yankee" naturally developed in order to facilitate the English language.
Originally, English-speaking Americans adopted the nickname "Jan Kaas" in the form of Yankee to insult their superiors, politicians, etc. Today, of course, the word "Yankee" is simply a nickname for an American.
Jacob Jonker,
Ottawa, ON
Canada
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8. Steve Coneglan: Parallels between Simeon and Australia
"Brit-Am Now"-777
http://www.britam.org/now/777Now.html
1. Steve Coneglan: Parallels between Simeon and Australia
From: Steve Coneglan <swaggerz@hotmail.com>
Dear Yair,
I would like to put forward a number of strange coincidences between the tribe of Simeon and the nation of Australia.
1) the second breastplate stone - the stone for Simeon - is pitedah, which is our modern peridot. Amazingly, this word - along with its association to the same stone - has survived with next to no phonetic change over the course of at least three-and-a-half millennia. The peridot is a light yellowish green in colour, which is found today in the national colours of Australia's sports teams: for example, the Wallabies rugby team, and the national one-day cricket team to name but a few.
http://www.pm.gov.au/aus_in_focus/nat_symbols/colours.html
2) the capital city of Australia is Canberra. The coat-of-arms of Canberra features prominently a walled citadel and a sword. According to various sources (and featured on the Israeli postage stamps at your website), a walled city was a tribal symbol of Simeon. This city is generally referred to the biblical Shechem, which Simeon (along with Levi) took by the sword (Genesis 34:25-31).
(NB: the portcullis above the citadel on Canberra's coat-of-arms features as a symbol of Levi on the Israeli postage stamps; and Levi assisted Simeon in the slaughter at Shechem).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Australian_Capital_Territory
3) in biblical times, Simeon was the southernmost of all the tribes in the land of Israel. His land was largely based in the Negev desert. Simeon's territory was undoubtedly the driest of all the tribes. Compare this to Australia, which word means 'Southern Land'; and which is dry and composed mostly of outback desert.
4) in the Wilderness Encampment, Simeon was positioned in the Southern camp, along with the tribes of Reuben and Gad (Numbers 2:10-16). We know for certain that Reuben and Gad were sheepkeepers, as retold at Numbers 32, Deuteronomy 3:12-20, and Joshua 1:12-18. It is therefore almost certain that the tribe of Simeon, who were camped together with Reuben and Gad, also possessed much cattle and sheep. Today, Australia is renowned as a sheep-keeping nation and is the world leader in wool exports.
5) Simeon's territorial inheritance in the land of Israel was within the territory given to Judah. It included the southernmost city of Beersheba (Joshua 19:1-9). Beersheba has always been famous for its wells, from which its name originates.
During the First World War, the town of Beersheba was brought under Israelite control for the first time in more than two millennia. The town and wells of Beersheba were captured and secured by the Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade. Could it be that modern Simeon recaptured the key city of ancient Simeon?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba
6) Joseph chose Simeon out of all his brothers, bound and imprisoned him before their eyes, when they came to buy food of him (Genesis 42:24). Australia was infamously used as a penal colony of the British Empire, and is sometimes slurred as being settled by convicts. The Australian band Icehouse say as much in their still-popular song, 'Great Southern Land': 'anyone will tell you it's a prisoner island / hidden in the summer for a million years'.
The British Empire being identified as Joseph, could it be that Simeon was once again bound of Joseph and imprisoned in a land of exile?
7) Simeon's city of Beersheba was the southernmost town in the land of Israel, hence the saying 'from Dan even to Beersheba' representing all the territory of Israel, from north to south, with Dan the northernmost city, eponymously named for the tribal progenitor (see for example 1 Samuel 3:20; 2 Samuel 3:10 etc.).
Remarkably, there is a parallel here in the modern world. The northernmost land mass on earth is Greenland, the world's biggest island. Greenland is a self-governed territory of Denmark, a modern nation descended from Dan.
The southernmost populated continental landmass is Australia. If Greenland is an island, then Australia too is really an island. Australia is much bigger than Greenland, meaning that Australia and Greenland are effectively the world's two biggest islands. Interestingly, they represent climatic as well as geographical extremes: Greenland is bound in ice, whereas Australia is largely desert.
So if Dan is in Greenland, in the extreme north of the world, could it be that Simeon is in Australia, at the ends of the earth in the south? Could it be that this is the modern-day analogue of the term 'from Dan even to Beersheba', featuring the same tribes, and representing the full extent of Israelite territory in the world?
8) the Australian character has something fundamental in common with the patriarch. Here I refer particularly to Simeon's bold attack on the town of Shechem, as recounted at Genesis 34. Australia has always been bold and forward in battle, a character trait it retains today in its national sporting teams.
The parallels between Simeon and Australia are compelling, and are likely indicative of a far more fundamental relationship between the two.
Also, in regard to the earlier feature including Dan, we note that the city of Dan referred to in the saying 'from Dan even to Beersheba' was actually an enclave of the tribe of Dan, whose prime territory was further to the south. This mimics the geographical relationship between Greenland and Denmark.
I hope that these observations prove thought-provoking. There appears to be a lot of evidence to suggest that this association is more than just coincidence. Maybe your readers can bring more to the table on this matter.
With best wishes,
Stephen Coneglan
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9. Rabbinical Source: Repentance of Ten Tribes Precedes that of Judah?
"Brit-Am Now"-777
4. Rabbinical Source: Repentance of Ten Tribes Precedes
that of Judah?
http://www.britam.org/now/777Now.html
The Return of the Two Exiles
http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/parsha/chrysler/index.htm
Rabeinu Bachye ascribes some of the repetitive phrases in the Parshah (which we largely discussed in Part 1), to the dual redemption of the ten tribes on the one hand and of Yehudah and Binyamin, on the other.
The previous chapter ([Deuteronomy]29), which describes the destruction of Eretz Yisrael and the exile of its inhabitants to a distant land, all because they worshipped idols, refers to the era of the first Beis-Hamikdash (when idolatry was rampant). This chapter (chapter 30) begins with the Exile of the Ten Tribes, as is borne out by the opening Pasuk (which speaks about the 'Nidachim' (those who have been pushed away), a term which generally refers to the Ten Tribes, whom the King of Assyria exiled to Lachlach, Chavor, the River Gozen and the cities of Modai). The Torah mentions them first, because they are the majority (ten tribes). And they are the ones the Torah is referring to in the first half of Pasuk 3, though the second half of the Pasuk switches to Yehudah and Binyamin, who are scattered over the face of the globe and who are subjugated by Eisav and Yishmael. And these two redemptions the Torah hints at in the two phrases that comprise this Pasuk, each one beginning with the word "ve'Shov". The Navi Yeshayah too, hints at these two redemptions when he writes (56:8) "I shall gather, over and above those who have already been gathered". And it appears from the sequence of the Pesukim that the major Teshuvah depends on the Ten Tribes, a concept that is enhanced by the fact that the Pesukim from Pasuk 4 and onwards ("Im yih'yeh nidachacho bi'k'tzei ha'Shamayim ... ") refer once again to the Ten tribes.
Brit-Am: Note this commentary is quoting from Rabbeinu Bachye (Rabbi Bachya ben Asher, Saragossa, Spain, 1255-1340). Rabbeinu Bachye in effect suggests that the Ten Tribes must repent before Judah can do so.
He bases his opinion on a logical analysis of Biblical verses.
Brit-Am, at a later date, will post a translation and commentary to the relevant excerpt.
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10. Essru and Sru in Ireland
"Brit-Am Now"-780
http://www.britam.org/now/780Now.html
4. Irish Milesian (?) Tradition
The last and most important group of immigrants were the Milesians who are described as descended from Neale. The name "Neale" is sometimes understood to be a form of Beale or Bel and Britain was known as "The Honey Isle of Bel". Bel was a Mesopotamian, Syrian, and Northern Israelite form of "baal". "Baal" means "lord" or "master" and in some cases the term was applied also to the God of Israel until being abandoned in order to avoid confusion with pagan usage. Neale went to Egypt and settled in a place called Capacyront. The name Capacyront is said to be derived from the Hebrew "Pi-hahiroth" (Exodus 14;2) which was the place the children of Israel camped by just before the parting of the Red Sea. Even though Neal is a Scythian and described as descended from Japhet he identifies with the Israelites, helps them and is given an opportunity to participate in their inheritance. He declines but Israelites are left with him and somehow or other he in effect becomes part of the Israelite forces though he settles elsewhere.
The sons of Neal are Essru and Sru who both have names which may be forms of Israel. Sru is rendered "Isru" in some versions. The name Israel in Hebew is "Yisra-el" and the "-el" is theophonic and as such could be inferred and therefore dropped. Examples for such changes are not lacking. The "y" sound in "Yisra" could be also deleted. We thus have "Isra= Isru"..
Ptolemy named an area in Egypt west of the Nile "Scithiaca Regio" (i.e. Kingdom of Scyths), Herodotus recalls how the Scyths conquered all of the Middle East, attacked the Philistine coast and reached the borders of Egypt where they were persuaded to turn back. There may however have occurred an event by which a group of Scythians passed into Egypt either as mercenaries or as freebooting conquerors or what not and this may be one source of the Irish tradition that their ancestor the Scythian had been in Egypt.
From Egypt it is told that the people moved to Spain and from there to Ireland. Regarding Spain the Annals agree with what has been deduced from archaeological indications and from hints in Classical writings, i.e. that at first the Israelite exiles were spread over all of Spain being later pushed into the northwest whence they passed into Ireland, Britain, and the north. The name "Gallo" (father of the Milesian invaders of Ireland whose sons are Don, Heber, Heremon, Herenan) represents the Galli or Gaels as part of the Northern Celts were referred to.
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11. Emmet Sweeney and the dating of New Grange
"Brit-Am Now"-782
http://www.britam.org/now/782Now.html
2. Emmet Sweeney and the dating of New Grange
New Grange is on the River Boyne in County Meath north of Dublin, Ireland.
http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2005/locations/newgrange.htm
Brit-Am Summary and Preliminary Comments
New Grange in Ireland also has monuments dated to the "Megalithic" Period of ca. 2000 BCE or earlier.
The evidence actually shows that New Grange belongs to the La Tene Iron Age period (ca. 400 BCE). Iron Age finds were found undisturbed in the "foundation layer" of New Grange by the archeologist Raftery (1943). Raftery explained the anomaly by assuming that New Grange had originally been built in Megalithic times then taken apart and reconstructed piece by piece in the Iron Age. [There appears to have been no evidence for such an action other than the finding of Iron Age materials at the foundation levels. These included Iron Age "bone plaques were actually in the stone-hole of one of the orthostats in the passage".] Alternately Raftery suggested that the use of New Grange may have continued into the Iron Age. Irish tradition and historical records show Megalithic monuments being erected in Iron Age times as well as in the Christian Period. Stonehenge is similar to the Stone circle of Dacia that the Romans destroyed. The Dacians believed in One God, had customs similar to the Druids, and after being defeated by the Romans moved to Denmark and later participated in the Anglo-Saxon conquest of England.
Source: Emmet Sweeney, "ARTHUR AND STONEHENGE: BRITAIN'S LOST HISTORY"
CHAPTER 1 A LAND OF LEGEND
The said work was once available on the web but has since been removed.
Extracts:
<< Possibly some of the most spectacular evidence of all has come from one of the megalithic mounds at New Grange in Ireland, Carn H. Here archaeologists found a whole series of artefacts of clearly Iron Age date. These included amber and glass beads, various iron objects, and bone plaques. It was the latter which caused most disquiet.
"The ornament on these bone plaques is by very general consent agreed to belong to La Tene art and probably date to the first two centuries AD. The problem presented by these objects of La Tene art together with iron objects was to explain their presence in a Passage Grave the walls of which were decorated with typical megalithic art and which was assumed by most people to have been constructed in or around 2,000 BC. It was argued by most archaeologists before Dr. Raftery's re-excavations that Carn H at Loughcrew had been used as a workshop in the Early Iron Age - perhaps the atelier of a Celtic artist. Professor MacAlister, for example, believed the metal-workers of the Early Iron Age produced these plaques as samples for the ornamentation of luxury items of bronze. Dr. Raftery disagreed with this view and in 1943 re-excavated Carn H.
"The 1943 Raftery excavations found no objects characteristic of the normal megalithic assemblage: what was found, however, were blue, green and yellow glass beads, small bronze rings, pieces of iron and 2,000 bone plaques of which 200 were ornamented in the late LaTene style. Raftery argued that all these finds dated to the Early Iron Age; he found some of them in what he described as an undisturbed foundation layer, while some bone plaques were actually in the stone-hole of one of the orthostats in the passage. In describing his excavations to the International Congress of Prehistoric and Posthistoric Sciences in Zurich in 1954, he thought the evidence in his excavations susceptible of only two solutions: first, that the site was a normal Passage Grave constructed , say in 2,000 BC. but entirely destroyed, removed and rebuilt in the Early Iron Age; or secondly, that it was an old style tomb or tomb still being used in the Early Iron Age. Having found no evidence for the first solution, he has put on record that Carn H was constructed in the Early Iron Age and that therefore megaliths in Ireland survived not only to the end of the second millennium BC. but to the beginning of the first millennium AD. [12] Glyn Daniel and Sean P. O'Riordain "New Grange" (1964) pp.123-4
"But as we have said, the excavators should not have been surprised by this discovery, in view of the fact that native Irish tradition has always insisted that the megalithic tombs of New Grange were the resting places of Ireland's Gaelic High Kings. Further proof that megalith-building continued into the post-Roman period is seen in a well-known cromlech at Ballina in the west of Ireland. This structure is reliably recorded as the burial site of four Connaught princes who had been implicated in and executed for the murder of bishop Ceallach, another royal prince of the region, who had eskewed worldly affairs and trained for the priesthood under St. Ciaran. The Irish annals record that the dolmen was raised for his killers and they were interred therein around the year 650 AD"
<< In Ireland, the great tombs of New Grange (Brugh na Boinne), which archaeology now dates around 3,000 BC., were said to be the burial places of the island's Gaelic High Kings, who sat at nearby Tara. That this tradition was based upon some amount of genuine knowledge is confirmed by the discovery of recognisably Celtic artefacts at the site. The medieval Irish, who preserved a written history of forty generations of pre-Christian High Kings, identified virtually every megalithic monument in the country with a specific ruler or warrior-hero. The standing-stone circles, they said, were temples where the god Beal or Balor was worshipped, and to this day stone circles in Ireland are named Beltanies (ie. Bealtaine - "Fire of Beal"), whilst the Irish word for temple - timpeall - is the same as the word for circle.
It is a well-recognised fact that the burial-mound, or barrow-grave, was characteristic of the Bronze Age/Iron Age Celts and Germans. The megaliths throughout western Europe are heavily decorated with spiral designs, a motif that would later, in a slightly more developed and sophisticated form, come to be regarded as typically Celtic. In Scandinavia menhir-style standing-stones occur with great frequency, and are virtually identical to those found throughout France - particularly Brittany. Yet the menhirs of Scandinavia are decorated with runic inscriptions - usually bearing the names of those responsible for raising the stone - and Viking Age artistic motifs. Again, Scandinavian chiefs of the Viking Age were buried, often along with a ship, in barrow-graves. Sometimes these boat-burials took the shape of the vessel they entombed, and were often surrounded by standing-stones.
Yet, contrary to what is stated in textbook after textbook, it is not just in Scandinavia that megaliths are linked to Late Iron Age cultures. Thus for example the megalithic monuments of Brittany are frequently associated with Gallo-Roman remains, in spite of being separated from these remains in conventional chronology by up to 2,000 years.[10] Again, the menhir stones of southern France, which are dated to the third millennium BC. "have their counterparts in Corsica (where they are dated to the 1st millennium BC.), and in the stelae of Luni, which on account of their inscriptions are unanimously dated to early Etruscan times."[11]
<< Clearly then the European megaliths were being erected well into the late Iron Age, and those located in the Celtic regions must indeed have been the work of the Druid priestly order. Caesar's remark that trainee Druids from Gaul went to Britain to complete their studies is perhaps a reflection of the power and prestige of the priesthood linked to Stonehenge. The Roman conquest of Dacia was followed by the destruction of a great standing-stone circle at Sarmizegetusa, which was "superficially" similar to Stonehenge, another stone circle ruined at this time.
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12. HEBRAIC LAW AND CUSTOM in CELTIC BRITAIN
"Brit-Am Now"-787
http://www.britam.org/now/787Now.html
6. HEBRAIC LAW AND CUSTOM in CELTIC BRITAIN
"It is stated in very old copies of The Book of Invasions and other ancient
documents that it was the Mosaic law that the Milesians brought into Errin
at their coming; that it had been learned and received from Moses in Egypt
by Cae Cain Beathach, who was himself an Israelite, who had been sent into
Egypt to learn the language of that country by the great master Fenius
Farsaith, from whom the Milesian brothers, who conquered Errin, are
recorded to have been the twenty second generation in descent; and it is
stated in the preface to Seanchas Mord that this was the law of Errin at
the time of the coming of St.Patrick".
LOUIS HYMAN, . "The Jews of Ireland", Jerusalem, Israel, 1972,
quotes Eugene O'Curry, 1873, Dublin..
Leslie Hardinge (quoted by Deborah K.E. Crawford,
"St..Joseph In Britain: Reconsidering The Legends. Part 2", Folklore 105
(1994): 51 59.) says that the Celtic Christians of the British Isles placed
a "strong emphasis on the legal aspects of the Old Testament"5.
An Irish work ("Liber ex Lege Moisi") from ca.800 c.e. uses Old Testament Law as "a
prime directive, for the proper conduct of everyday life". It is claimed
that the Celtic Church was closer to Judaism than any other branch of
Christianity.
"The shared elements include the keeping of the Saturday
Sabbath, tithing, the definition of `first fruits' and offerings, the
establishment of walled precints for the priestly/monastic families,
inheritance of religious office, and fasting and dietary restrictions. It
also appears that the Celts kept Easter by older methods of reckoning, one
of which caused Easter to coincide with the Passover"6.
"Other scholarship suggests that Irish Churchmen of the
seventh and eighth centuries actually considered themselves to be priests
and Levites, as defined under Old Testament law"7.
Gildas apparently believed the British Celts ("Britones")
to be of Israelite descent8. At all events, he accused them of wanting to
join the Jews.
"Theodore, Gildas, and Wilfred all associated the Celtic practices
with the Jews"9.
Celtic Christianity was a cultural continuation of Celtic
Druidism which emphasised Oral tradition and the learning by rote of
ancient law.
There existed a cultural continuity between Druidism and
Celtic Christianity which was especially apparent in relation to
Galastonbury10.
"The stories brought by the Irish monks, and the brief
references written on the margins of manuscripts, demonstrate the ongoing
existence and importance of traditional Celtic accounts"11.
Boswell adds to the above listed Jewish features of Celtic religion:
"...the prominence of Hebrew features in Irish canon law
collections (including Biblical cities of Refuge and Jubilee Years)
together with Mosaic prohibitions on diet and injunctions on tithes...There
was also a Hebrew treatment of the sanctuary ...and finally there were many
Hebrew words occurring in cryptographic monastic Irish works such as
Hisperica Famina"12.
Mosaic parallelisms found amongst early Celtic Christians include
the prohibition of sex in the menstrual period and after birth, also ritual
animal slaughter was kept, and usury was prohibited13.
Old Testament Biblical injunctions were generally
regarded as binding.. Members of the Celtic Church were suspected by the
Roman Catholics of Judaising and its members in Scotland were accused of
really being Jews14.
"A total absence of any sculpture in the round and the rarity of
reliefs using human figures, suggests again the Semitic dislike
of personification of the god"15.
see also:
The Food Taboos of Old Scotland
The Law of Moses and of Caledonia
http://britam.org/foodtaboos.html
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13. Dr. Richard Griffiths: Star of King David on US Marine Swords
"Brit-Am Now"-788
http://www.britam.org/now/788Now.html
2. Dr. Richard Griffiths: Star of King David on US Marine Swords!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
US Marine Corp recruiting advertisements often display a fearsome Marine in a dress uniform drawing a beautiful sword. If you look carefully in most advertisements you can see the Star of King David at the hilt of the sword. American supporters of Brit-Am should point this out to Americans unaware of our Israelite heritage and ask them why is the star of King David on US Marine swords? If you don't know Brit-Am does!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Dr. Griffiths
http://www.marines.com/page/usmc.jsp?pageId=/page/Detail-XML-Conversion.jsp?pageName=The-Sword&flashRedirect=true
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14. Ancient Middle East Boats in Britain
"Brit-Am Now"-788
http://www.britam.org/now/788Now.html
3. Ancient Middle East Boats in Britain
<< The Ferriby boat [2060 BCE,+/-70a,cal,2005] was found
on the banks of the Humber River,NE England.It is a
16m long,3m wide,oak plank boat.The planks are set
edge to edge and were sewn together by withes of
yew,in a similar manner to the Giza [Egypt] boat [ca 2500
BCE].The hull was rounded.There was provision for 9
oars persons on each side.Preservation of the upper
area was not adequate to determine whether it had a
sail.The Ulu Buren wreck off the coast of Turkey is
estimated to have been ca 15m long.>>
<< The "Dover boat" [ca 1955 BCE,cal,2005] is of similar
design,14-15m long and 2.4m wide."Its broad beam and
flat base would have provided reasonable stability in
a moderate sea",[K Parfait,1993].No evidence of a
mast.>>
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15. Spain and Scotland: Ancient Connections
"Brit-Am Now"-793
http://www.britam.org/now/793Now.html
2. Spain and Scotland: Ancient Connections
http://halfmoon.tripod.com/Spain.html
An interesting short article with nice illustrations.
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16. Herman L. Hoeh: Compendium of World History
"Brit-Am Now"-797
http://www.britam.org/now/797Now.html
2. Herman L. Hoeh: Compendium of World History
From: Craig Blackwood <cablack@westnet.com.au>
Subject: Interesting History
http://www.cgca.net/coglinks/wcglit/hoehcompendium/hhc1toc.htm
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17. Dolmens in Germany
"Brit-Am Now"-800
http://www.britam.org/now/800Now.html
3. Dolmens in Germany
The Front Page is not much
but within the site are
Some Very good Photos.
You need to click
on the white arrows
at the bottom of the page.
www.stonepages.de
Brought to our attention
Sonja Durski
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b. DNA
1. Different North-South DNA cuts through DNA Haplogroups?
2. DNA News: R1b from Ancient Israel??
3. William Adelman: (Important) Genetic Links Between Vikings and Jews
====
1. Different North-South DNA cuts through DNA Haplogroups?
"Brit-Am Now"-751
http://www.britam.org/now/751Now.html
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2. DNA News: R1b from Ancient Israel??
"Brit-Am Now"-764
http://www.britam.org/now/764Now.html
3. DNA News: R1b from Ancient Israel??
As a promoter of Brit-Am beliefs and a researcher into Brit-Am
matters I have had for some years now a more or less dilettante interest in DNA studies
and try to follow what is going on.
We have our own criticisms of these studies as seen from our article:
DNA Racial Classifications Refuted!
Case Study: "The Cohen Gene"
http://www.britam.org/Questions/DNARefutation.html
Nevertheless we still try to keep up with what is being discussed and researched
and on several occasions have found DNA reports to be of useful interest to our own researches.
As much as DNA helps it can also hinder.
The lengths to which DNA researchers sometimes go to prove a point
can be quite enlightening in themselves.
Some people at first think that the beliefs of
Brit-Am are a little far-fetched. This is before they check it out
after which they are usually totally convinced or we can (to put it
politely) remove the quantitative adjective in the above expression
"little far-fetched"!
I imagine however that such individuals have little or no scientific
background or at least do not regularly read scientific literature.
However "far-fetched" we may seem we are actually extremely conservative
and not given to baseless speculation especially when compared
with the "scientists" who determine what food you will eat and much
of what will happen to you in your modern science-oriented existence!
Anyway not to belabor the point,
Researchers found a small group of Arab-language (but not Beduin)
settlers in an isolated area by the Dead Sea in Jordan.
http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/jordan.pdf#search=%22Carlos%20Flores%2C%20Maca-Meyer%2CLarruga%2C%20Jordan%22
The YDNA of this group showed haplogroup 31% E3b-
which is otherwise only found in Ethiopia and 40% R1* (similar to
R1b and considered the immediate forefather R1b3) which is otherwise
only found in the Cameroons in West Africa
where in one tribe (Udele) it reaches 90% though otherwise
it is almost unknown in Africa on the whole.
The study in the Dead Sea was based on samples from only 45 males.
That is as far as the study goes.
R1b is the predominant haplogroup in Western Europe
which is also found a lesser degree in the Middle East.
http://www.britam.org/Questions/R1b.html
Nevertheless based on the above sample and its 40% findings
(i.e. 17 cases?) in a sample of 46 it appears that serious researchers
along with the fruitful backing of well-informed armchair enthusiasts
who are following the proceeds may be exploring the possibility
that R1b originated in the Israel-Jordan area!
A wild guess would say that there are about 85 million possibly even more
males in the world today with R1b.
That makes as many as 50 million cases for every Dead Sea area one!
Good luck to the interested researchers (at least one of whom
is considered a leading authority), however.
Since I myself am evidently an R1b case I have no objection
to having the possibility of my ancestry in the male line
being traced "scientifically" all the way back to the area of Greater Israel.
Incidentally, how do these researchers explain the presence of R1b
in the Cameroons according to the Great Israel [Brit-Am definition]
scenario?
Answer:
Isolated (?) cases of R1b have also been reported from Egypt.
The Hyksos (Shepherd Kings according to Josephus
and according to Brit-Am at least in part Hebrews) from the region of Israel conquered
Egypt and other parts of Africa and it has been suggested that maybe
they gave rise to the presence of R1b in the Cameroons(?).
More (maybe, after all we are just observers from a distance) on all this later.
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3. William Adelman: (Important) Genetic Links Between Vikings and Jews
"Brit-Am Now"-782
3. William Adelman: (Important) Genetic Links Between Vikings and Jews
http://www.britam.org/now/782Now.html