Research Sources from Brit-Am Now nos. 901-925 (2 July, 2013, Tammuz 24, 5773)
Contents:
1. It was The British who Ended Slavery! Melvin Rhodes: How One of Today's 'Bad Guys' Ended the Scourge of Slavery
2. Welsh "Curing Stone" derived from Ancient Egypt?
3. The English Word "THE" found in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions!
4. Brit-Am Secular Proofs-A Preliminary List
5. Scientists Seek Tarshish-Tartessos
6. Khazars and Phoenician Script
7. The Phoenicians of Gades-Tarshish (Spain) in India?
8. W.F. Skene: Different Settlement Patterns in Wales: Cymry versus Gaels
9. Notes on Phoenicians
10. Linguistics: Theo Venneman and Semitic Languages in Ancient Europe
11. Does "Scott" Mean Darkness?? A Ten Tribes Connection
12. Genealogy: Decreasing of the Lineages
13. The Ashleys: Early British Restorationists of Israel
14. G. Ashley: The USA and Number Thirteen
15. G. Ashley: Symbols of Joseph and the USA
16. The Dolmen Path - Dolmens Describe Roadways?
17. New Grange and the present 365 day long year re Velikovsky
18. Immanuel Velikovsky, Megalithics, and the year 700 BCE
19. The Megalithic Path of Migration, Portugal, and Calendar Change
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1. It was The British who Ended Slavery!
"Brit-Am Now"-901
http://www.britam.org/now/901Now.html
4. Melvin Rhodes: How One of Today's 'Bad Guys' Ended the Scourge of Slavery
http://www.gnmagazine.org/issues/gn70/slavery.htm
Extracts
Two hundred years ago, Great Britain became the first major nation to
abolish the slave trade. By the end of the century slavery had been
abolished around the world. Here is the remarkable story of the abolition of
the slave trade-and of its tragic return to plague the world.
There is no doubt about it-the slave trade was abhorrent. Millions of people
were transported across the Atlantic in the most horrific of conditions,
taken against their will and sold like cattle. Indeed, cattle were treated
better than the victims of this despicable trade.
Before the British parliamentary vote to abolish the slave trade, slavery
was a fairly universal practice, as it had been throughout history. What
Great Britain did, at a time when the slave trade was highly lucrative for
all participants, was a totally radical, progressive and bold step. We can
be thankful for the foresight shown by men like William Wilberforce, the
leader of the antislavery movement.
In reviewing the 2005 book Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight
to Free an Empire's Slaves by Adam Hochschild, African-American columnist
Thomas Sowell wrote: "To me the most staggering thing about the long history
of slavery-which encompassed the entire world and every race in it-is that
nowhere before the 18th century was there any serious question raised about
whether slavery was right or wrong. In the late 18th century, that question
arose in Western civilization, but nowhere else."
The book, Sowell notes, "traces the history of the world's first
anti-slavery movement, which began with a meeting of 12 'deeply religious'
men in London in 1787."
It took 20 years for these men to achieve their goal of ending the slave
trade. Sowell continues: "Even more remarkable, Britain [then] took it upon
itself, as the leading naval power of the world, to police the ban on slave
trading against other nations. Intercepting and boarding other countries'
ships on the high seas to look for slaves, the British became and remained
for more than a century the world's policeman when it came to stopping the
slave trade" ("Today's 'Bad Guys' Ended Slavery," Lansing State Journal,
Feb. 12, 2006.)
Noted French historian Alexis de Tocqueville described the decision of the
British parliament to end the slave trade as "absolutely without precedent .
. . If you pore over the histories of all peoples, I doubt that you will
find anything more extraordinary" (quoted by Hochschild, p. 1).
What was the magnitude of Britain's undertaking? "At the end of the
eighteenth century, well over three quarters of all people alive were in
bondage of one kind or another, not the captivity of striped prison
uniforms, but of various systems of slavery or serfdom. The age was a high
point in the trade in which close to eighty thousand chained and shackled
Africans were loaded onto slave ships and transported to the New World each
year. In parts of the Americas, slaves far outnumbered free persons.
"The same was true in parts of Africa, and it was from these millions of
indigenous slaves that African chiefs and slave dealers drew most of the men
and women they sold to Europeans and Arabs sailing their ships along the
continent's coasts.
"African slaves were spread throughout the Islamic world, and the Ottoman
[Turkish] Empire enslaved other peoples as well. In India and other parts of
Asia, tens of millions of farmworkers were in outright slavery, and others
were peasants in debt bondage that tied them and their labor to a particular
landlord as harshly as any slave was bound to a plantation owner in South
Carolina or Georgia.
"Native Americans turned prisoners of war into slaves and sold them . . . In
Russia, the majority of the population were serfs, often bought, sold,
whipped, or sent to the army at the will of their owners. The era was one
when, as the historian Seymour Drescher puts it, 'freedom, not slavery, was
the peculiar institution'" (Hochschild, p. 2.)
Britain and the African slave trade
Slavery existed in Africa well before the arrival of the Europeans. "The
Atlantic slave trade depended on the fact that most of the societies of
Africa-chiefdoms and kingdoms large and small, even groups of nomads-had
their own systems of slavery. People were enslaved as punishment for crimes,
as payment for a debt, or, most commonly of all, as prisoners of war . . .
"Once European ships started cruising the African coast offering all kinds
of tempting goods for slaves, kings and chiefs began selling their human
property to African dealers who roamed far into the interior. Groups of
captives, ranging from a few dozen to six or eight hundred, were
force-marched to the coast, the prisoners' hands bound behind their backs,
their necks connected by wooden yokes. Along the coast itself, a scattering
of whites, blacks and mulattos worked as middlemen for the Atlantic trade"
(Hochschild, p. 16).
And then William Wilberforce and his compatriots entered the picture. Driven
by a resolute Christian morality, within a generation they persuaded the
British government to outlaw slavery in 1807, when the slave trade was still
enormously profitable. Playing a hugely important role, the British Royal
Navy also served the cause, patrolling the coast of Africa for slave ships
and freeing slaves wherever they encountered them. By the end of the
century, slavery was outlawed nearly everywhere.
Britain's enthusiasm for ending the slave trade "led it to much greater
involvement in African affairs. Additional colonies were acquired (Sierra
Leone, 1808; Gambia, 1816; Gold Coast, 1821) to serve as bases for
suppressing the slave trade and for stimulating substitute commerce." This
"contributed to the expansion of both its commercial and colonial empire"
(The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropedia, "Colonialism," p.
892).
Certainly, many British people profited from the slave trade before its
abolition, but the British Empire became much wealthier after the trade was
ended. The abolition of the slave trade advanced the growth of the Empire as
the British people, descendants of biblical Ephraim, were receiving the
birthright promise of becoming "a multitude of nations" (Genesis 48:19...
Many of the peoples of the new colonies would later serve alongside Britain in both world wars.
After the abolition of the slave trade, it took another 26 years to end
slavery itself throughout the British Empire. The end of the four-year
transition period coincided with Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne,
giving the new queen a prestigious boost at the beginning of her 64-year
reign.
A quarter-century later, America would also overturn its history of slavery.
Some 365,000 mostly white males of British descent died fighting for the
Union side in the American Civil War, enabling peoples of African descent to
be free. No other nation sacrificed so many people for such a noble cause.
It wasn't only on the high seas that the British were stamping out slavery.
Toward the end of the 19th century the British high commissioner for
Northern Nigeria, Frederick (later Lord) Lugard, made it a priority when
administering the 300,000 square miles of his territory.
"In the south were pagan tribes and in the north, historic Muslim
city-states with large walled cities whose emirs raided the tribal
territories to the south for slaves . . . His policy was to support the
native states and chieftainships, their laws and their courts, forbidding
slave raiding and cruel punishments . . ." Lugard was "following the
explorer David Livingstone's lead in fighting Arab slave raiders in eastern
Africa" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropedia, "Lord Lugard,"
p. 176).
Sadly the story doesn't end there. Once again, five decades after Britain
gave its colonies independence, slavery is back in every single African
nation, according to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
"The trafficking of human beings is a problem in every African country, says
UNICEF", states an April 23, 2004, BBC News article. "The report, which
covers 53 African nations, says children are the biggest victims in what is
a very complex phenomenon. It describes how they are forced into slavery,
recruited as child soldiers or sold into prostitution. In Africa, children
are twice as likely to be trafficked as women."
The report "found that 89% of the countries had trafficking to and from
neighbouring countries, but 34% also had a human trade to Europe . . . Of
the countries surveyed, 26% said trafficking was taking place to the Middle
East." Sadly, few voices are being raised in Africa calling for an end to
this despicable trade.
The trade in human beings, which includes the sex trade, is now estimated to
be the biggest business in the world, accounting for a full 10 percent of
the world's total commerce.
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2. Welsh "Curing Stone" derived from Ancient Egypt?
"Brit-Am Now"-903
http://www.britam.org/now/903Now.html
4. Welsh "Curing Stone" derived from Ancient Egypt?
From: Caroline Tully
Subject: Re: [BRITARCH] Curing Stone
>>I have a vague memory, perhaps dating back to my Welsh childhood, that curing stones were dipped in a liquid which was then given to a sick person to drink. Marjorie (the other MEH)<< And the ancient Egyptians used to pour water over stone images of the child Horus triumphing over snakes and scorpions to "wash" the magical hieroglyphs surrounding the images into the water and drink their potency.
~Caroline.
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3. The English Word "THE" found in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions!
"Brit-Am Now"-905
http://www.britam.org/now/905Now.html
1. The English Word "THE".
[Rewritten in part].
The English word "the" is called the definite article and serves to distinguish something it is preliminary to.
Here is one of its definitions: "used as a function word to indicate that a following noun or noun equivalent is a unique or a particular member of its class" (Merrian-Webster).
In Hebrew the function of the definite article "the" is usually fulfilled by the prefix "ha" (also pronounced as "he").
In addition, Hebrew also has the demonstrative "et" or rather "eth" which serves to separate the object, e.g. if in Hebrew one would say "John eat [the] apple" it would not be clear (unlike English) from the order of words whether John eat the apple or the apple eat John.
Here in English the definite article "the" helps us determine what the object is.
In Hebrew we place "eth" before the apple to emphasize where the object lies.
An inscription from Amon (in present-day Jordan) dating from ca. 825-775 BCE bears the word "thadelet" [i.e. tha-delet] meaning "the door".
The "tha" in thadelet (tha-delet) is a shortened form of "eth" and "ha". It should have been "eth-ha-delet" but the initial vowel "e" [from eth] was dropped and the following "h" (in "ha") was also dropped leaving "th-a-delet" i.e. "tha delet ".
This practice is also found later in Punic (Phoenician) inscriptions in Carthage and Sardinia and in the letters of Bar Kochba from Judah.
Source:
"HeKetav VeHaMiktav. Handbook of Ancient Inscription s from the Land of Israel and the Kingdoms Beyond the Jordan
from the Period of the First Commonwealth" [Hebrew] by Shmuel Ahituv, Jerusalem ,2005, p. 333 "tadelet"
[A similar phenomenon is found in the Modern Hebrew slang especially of Sephardic Eastern Jews].
We now know where the English word "the" originated from. The Hebraic "tha" became "the".
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4. Brit-Am Secular Proofs-A Preliminary List
"Brit-Am Now"-905
http://www.britam.org/now/905Now.html
5. Brit-Am Secular Proofs-A Preliminary List
[to be used in conjunction with Brit-Am Biblical Evidence]
http://www.britam.org/Proof/ProofsIntro.html
Megalithic Monuments describe a Path of Migration from Israel to the West.
Languages and Linguistic Innate Philosophies: "Germanic" and "Celtic" sub-stratums
show Hebrew type origins.
Hebraic Modes of Thought
Hebraic Values
Archaeological trail: Styles and Type of Craftsmanship: Phoenicians-Scythians-Celts-Anglo-Saxons
Identifications-Predilections of Rulers and Great Men
Irish, Welsh, and Scottish Mythology indicating Israelite Origins
Definite Connection of Western "Celtic" Peoples as well as Ancient Scandinavians with Egypt and the Middle East in general consistent with Israelite Origins.
Pro-Jewish, Saved Jews, Fought Against Enemies of the Jews
Help State of Israel or most inclined to do so, i.e. probably the only group where
pro-Israeli messages and information could have a long-term effect.
Physical Similarity to some degree at least with Ancient Israelites
Historical Eastern Origins consistent with having come from the Ten Tribes
The overlap of the Cimmerians and Scythians (who migrated to the west) with the exiled Israelites.
The Presence of Israelites in Spain (whence they moved to the British Isles) and the north.
Steven Collins, Orjan Svensson, Walt Baucum, and others also supply valid proofs
in addition to what we have listed above.
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5. Scientists Seek Tarshish-Tartessos
"Brit-Am Now"-908
http://www.britam.org/now/908Now.html
1. Sinikka Tarvainen: Tarshish (Tartessos) in Seville (Southern Spain)?
FEATURE: Spaniards search for legendary Tartessos in a marsh By Sinikka
Tarvainen, dpa
http://www.eux.tv/article.aspx?articleId=7993
Extracts:
Madrid (dpa) - Where was the capital of Tartessos, the legendary pre-Roman civilization which once existed on the Iberian Peninsula?
The culture which flourished from around 800 to 500 BC is believed to have been located mainly around the present-day cities of Cadiz, Seville and
Huelva in southern Spain, but no traces of a major urban settlement have been found.
Now, however, scientists have discovered surprising clues to where a major Tartessian city may have been, the daily El Pais reported.
Its ruins could lie in the subsoil of a marsh area known as the Marisma de Hinojos in the Donana National Park near Seville, according to the daily.
Chief researcher Sebastian Celestino declined to comment on the report. His team will give details once the investigation is finished, a representative
of the Superior Council of Scientific Investigations (CSIC) told the Deutsche Presse-Agentur dpa.
For years, satellite and aerial images of the Marisma de Hinojos have revealed strange circular structures of different sizes - up to 200 metres in diameter - and rectangular forms.
The area is under water in wintertime, and until now, scientists had thought it had always been inundated.
That had made most of them skeptical of the possibility that the forms visible from the air could be remains of a human settlement buried in the
subsoil.
Yet new evidence has now emerged, with electro-magnetic tests indicating that the area may have experienced long dry periods, according to El Pais.
In the bottom of the marsh, there are layers that appear to contain concentrated sand, the daily quoted researcher Antonio Rodriguez as saying.
If the area had always been submerged, the subsoil would only contain mud instead of sand.
Scientists think they stand a fair chance of finding archaeological remains in the marsh, though the link with Tartessos remains a mere hypothesis for
the time being.
Knowledge about Tartessos had so far been based mainly on Greek and Latin literary sources, which described it as a civilization on the edge of the
known world.
Often identified with Tarshish mentioned in the Bible, the kingdom traded profitably with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, and may even have
discovered a route to Britain.
Some researchers equate Tartessos with Atlantis, the utopia described by the Greek philosopher Plato, which is said to have sunk into the sea.
Tartessos disappeared mysteriously around 500 BC. Some believe it was destroyed by the Carthaginians, but the new geological evidence from the
Marisma de Hinojos makes it look possible that two tsunamis wiped out the settlement located there, according to El Pais.
Some remains identified with Tartessos have been found, including a palace-sanctuary near Badajoz and a necropolis in Huelva, but no major urban
settlement.
As the next step, scientists intend to make a hole 7 metres deep into the marshland to see what - if anything - lies underneath.
If the remains of a Tartessian city were found, that might bring invaluable information to historians divided over whether Tartessos had an identity of
its own, or whether it was just an extension of the Phoenician civilization.
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6. Khazars and Phoenician Script
"Brit-Am Now"-908
http://www.britam.org/now/908Now.html
3. Khazars and Phoenician Script
See
Jerusalem News-624
5. Khazars: Evidence Overlooked or a Hoax?
http://www.britam.org/jerusalem/jerusalem601to630.html#Khazars
It discusses a Szekely-Hungarian alphabet that may have originated with the
Khazars and that is mainly of Ancient Hebrew type.
The alphabet in question is more than 50% Phoenician meaning Ancient Hebrew.
The original alphabet of the Hebrews was of "Phoenician" (Canaanite) type
but under Ezra it was changed to the present one.
Under Bar Kokba there was an attempt to revive the Ancient Hebrew script at
an official level but this did not succeed.
The Khazars used the present Hebrew alphabet but the previous usage by them
of the Ancient Hebrew one would suggest additional evidence to their Hebraic
antecedents even before formally converting to Judaism at a later date.
See also:
Steven Plaut: The Khazar Myth and the New Anti-Semitism
http://www.britam.org/jerusalem/jerusalem601to630.html#Plaut2
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7. The Phoenicians of Gades-Tarshish (Spain) in India?
"Brit-Am Now"-910
http://www.britam.org/now/910Now.html
3. The Phoenicians of Gades-Tarshish in the East
Extract:
Cadiz is in Southwest Spain enveloping Gibraltar.
It was formerly known as Gades and as Gadir and was a Phoenician port historically associated with
Tarshish.
The following entry I found in my notes may be of interest:
J.M. Cook, "The Greeks in Ionia and the East", London, 1962, p.176
About 120 BC King ptolemy vii of Egypt commissioned an Ionian Greek called Euxodus to make two voyages
far down the east African coast. On the second voyage "he picked up a ship's figurehead which was duly identified as belonging to a fishing smack of Cadiz. Euxodus thereby concluded that it was possible to circumnavigate Africa...
Made two attempts via the Atlantic, first unsuccessful, second uncertain.
Euxodus made his attempts on the basis of his conviction that sailors of Cadiz had done it before him
and sailed to and from Spain to India.
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8. W.F. Skene: Different Settlement Patterns in Wales: Cymry versus Gaels
"Brit-Am Now"-912
http://www.britam.org/now/912Now.html
7. Settlement of Wales: Sources
a. Archaeology: Native Settlement in Wales
http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/cbaresrep/pdf/007/00704001.pdf
b. Traditional Literature: William F. Skene
http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/fab/fab006.htm
p.43
We find the sea-board of Wales on the west in the occupation of the Gwyddyl or Gael, and the Cymry confined to the eastern part of Wales only, and placed between them and the Saxons. A line drawn from Conway on the north to Swansea on the south would separate the two races of the Gwyddyl and the Cymry, on the west and on the east. In North Wales, the Cymry possessing Powys, with the Gwyddyl in Gwynned. and Mona or Anglesea; in South Wales, the Cymry possessing Gwent and Morganwg, with the Gwyddyl in Dyfed; and Brecknock occupied by the mysterious Brychan and his family.
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9. Notes on Phoenicians
"Brit-Am Now"-914
http://www.britam.org/now/914Now.html
3. Phoenicians in Cornwall
"The Phoenicians in St Just"
http://stjustvingoe.tripod.com/phoenicians_in_st_just.htm
The Phoenicians in St Just
by [?] Sandra and George Pritchard
[Extracts]
The coming of the Phoenicians
There are a number of legends about the Phoenicians trading with the Cornish for tin. One names the village of Treen not far from St Just as being at one time an important market town where the tin-streamers who worked the streams from Penwith would bring their tin and other goods to trade with the Tyrian merchants. It was these Tinners who constructed Castle Trereen as a place to protect themselves and their goods against attack.
The Evidence
<<Since ancient times there has been speculation as to the origins of the Phoenicians. The Greeks were particularly puzzled by them and gave them the name "Phoinikes" which loosely translated as "red people" some say from the colour of their land, whilst others argue it was the colour of their hair.6.
<<Maybe the red hair amongst the folks of Sennen comes from the Phoenicians instead of the Danes.
<<The Phoenicians called themselves Canaanites, and modern researchers tell us they were the descendents of two groups, the early Canaanites who inhabited the shores of Lebanon and the Sea People who invaded the Lebanon about 1200 B.C. It is thought that the Sea People originated from an area on what we now call the Gulf. 9.
<<Because of discoveries of the remains of a number of Phoenician cities in the last hundred years this argument can be countered and that rather than being firmly planted as one nation, the Phoenicians started in Lebanon, but established colonies all along the coast of the Mediterranean. At the time of Solomon 1000 B.C. they occupied a number of these city-states at Byblos, Sidon, Tyre, Berytus (Beirut), Tripoli, Baalbeck and Caesarea.12.
"Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs."13.
Tyre, was ruled over by King Huram whose people were not only skilled at moving things by sea but also had other skills. Solomon needed Cedar and other goods when he was constructing the Temple in Jerusalem and approached the Phoenician King about supplying them. Solomon asked the King
"Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and Jerusalem.14.
The Oxford Dictionary definition of Brass is a mixture of Copper and Tin or Zinc.
<<"TIN was known as an alloy with Copper at least as early as 1600 B.C. in Egypt, and probably before 2000 B.C. in Europe. It was also prepared pure in Egypt at least by 1400 B.C. The source of it is much debated. Banca, Spain, and Britain have all been proposed. That it appears as an alloy earlier in Europe than in Egypt shows that it was European. - - - The word used by Homer kassiterov, is the same as the Arabic kasdeer, probably derived from ancient Phoenician.16.
<<Certain it is that these mariners brought Tin from the Cassiterides, which embraced the Scilly Isles and the coast of Cornwall.17. One of the most remarkable facts connected with the early races in Europe and Asia was the extensive use of weapons and implements of Bronze; and the noted British archeologist, Sir John Evans, shows that the use of Bronze preceded that of Iron in Egypt ." 18.
<<The Phoenician ivories and metal relief's were copied in many neighbouring regions, especially in Palestine, Greece, and Etruria. Their artisans settled in Egypt and Greece and imported Syrian work as well as their own, increasing the amalgamation of styles. The principal Phoenician excavations are at Byblos, but Phoenician works in jewellery, glass, clay, alabaster, ivory, many metals, faience, and wood are found in all Mediterranean countries and neighbouring areas of Asia Minor.20.
<<The ancient world had much to thank Tyre for. The Greek attributed the introduction of the alphabet to their country to Cadmus, the son of a Tyrian king. The name of the continent is said to come from Europa, the sister of Cadmus. But it was Tyre's purple-dyed textiles, worn throughout the ancient world as a mark of royal rank, that brought fame and fortune to the city. One gram of pure purple dye was worth ten or twenty grams of gold, so it is not surprising that some of the beautiful sarcophagi of the necropolis belonged to wealthy purple dye manufactures of Tyre. The ancient Tyrians extracted the dye from the Murex, a marine snail that still lives along Tyre's shores deep among the rocks and sunken archeological remains. Dye extraction is no longer a viable commercial venture, but scientists have documented the process for historical purposes.21.
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10. Linguistics: Theo Venneman and Semitic Languages in Ancient Europe
"Brit-Am Now"-915
http://www.britam.org/now/915Now.html
2. Linguistics: Theo Venneman
http://www.germanistik.uni-muenchen.de/germanistische_linguistik/TV/Vennemann.htm
Theo Venneman leading proponent that speakers of a Semitic Language or languages
on the European Atlantic Coast strongly influenced the Celtic, Pictic, and Germanic tongues.
http://www.joensuu.fi/fld/ecc/colloquium/vennemann.html
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11. Does "Scott" Mean Darkness?? A Ten Tribes Connection
"Brit-Am Now"-915
http://www.britam.org/now/915Now.html
3. Does "Scott" Mean Darkness??
in "Brit-Am Now"-899
#2. Question on the name "Sciot"
We said:
<<Sciot in the 'Gaal of Sciot Iber' is another form of Scot.
<<In Gaelic is said to connote "wanderer" similar to the meaning "Hebrew".
On the other hand the word "Scott" in Greek and other "Indo-European" tongues
indicates Concealed or "hidden" similar to the proposed derivation of Celt from "ceilt".>>
There is however another opinion that derives the word from the Greek for Darkness:
The Wikpedia article on Dal Riata in Scotland says:
Dal Riata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal_Riata
<<Dal Riata (also Dalriada or Dalriata) was a Gaelic kingdom on the western seaboard of Scotland and the northern coasts of Ireland,... The inhabitants of Dal Riata are often referred to as Scots, from the Latin scotti, a word which came from the Low Latin scottis, which came from the Greek language word meaning [scottus] darkness [2 Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary (reprinted 1974) p.1214] , and later came to mean Gaelic-speakers whether Scottish, Irish or otherwise.[3] They are referred to here as Gaels, an unambiguous term, or as Dal Riatans.[4]>>
The two explanations do not necessarily contradict each other.
We would tend to the opinion that 'Scott' derives from "Scythian" or from Saka (Isaac)
and only received a secondary meaning (if such was the case) at a later date due to similarity in sound.
At all events "Darkness" also connotes "covering"
and
as explained in the Midrash on Isaiah
"To them that are in darkness, shew yourselves" (Isaiah 49;9): These are those [from the Ten Tribes] whom the cloud descended upon and covered.
http://britam.org/isaiah/chap-nine.html
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12. Genealogy: Decreasing of the Lineages
"Brit-Am Now"-915
http://www.britam.org/now/915Now.html
4. Genealogy: Decreasing of the Lineages
As we progress in time more and more of us are descended from less and less ancestors.
It could also conceivably occur that some sections of the population are more fertile than others
so that after time the relative proportions constituting a people
may change even without immigration etc.
<<DeCode Geneics has studied the Icelandic population back
1,100 years. Of Icelanders born since 1972, 92% of women
are descended from only 22% of women born between
1848-1892 and 86% of men descend from 26% of this
time period. Not all pedigrees could be traced to an
earlier time, but they estimated that 7% of the women
born in the early 1700s were ancestresses of 62% of
contemporary women and 10% of men in this same period
fathered 71% of contemporary males. The book uses the
following reference: Helgason et al., AJHG 72:1370-1388 (2003)>>
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13. The Ashleys: Early British Restorationists of Israel
"Brit-Am Now"-916
http://www.britam.org/now/916Now.html
1. The Ashleys: Early Israelite Restorationists
From: GAshley923@aol.com
Subject: A country without a nation for a nation without a country
Ancestors of Eugene Ashley
Extracts:
Anthony Ashley Cooper 1st. Earl of Shaftesebury was probably responsible for the phrase "A country without a nation for a nation without a country," later to become the Zionist slogan "A land without a people for a people without a land." He asserted, " There is unbroken identity of Jewish race and Jewish mind down to our times; but the great revival can take place only in the Holy Land."
In 1839 the Church of Scotland sent Andrew Bonar Robert Murray M'Cheyne, to report on "the Condition of the Jews in their land." Their report was widely publicized in Great Britain and it was followed by a "Memorandum to Protestant Monarchs of Europe for the restoration of the Jews to Palestine." This memorandum was printed verbatim in the London Times, including an advertisement by Lord Shaftesbury igniting an enthusiastic campaign by the Times for restoration of the Jews.
In August 1840 the Times reported that the British government was considering Jewish restoration. It added that "a nobleman of the Opposition" (apparently Lord Shaftesbury) was making inquiries to determine:
In August 1840 the Times reported that the British government was considering Jewish restoration....
Lord Shaftesbury was the most active restoration lobbyist. 'The inherent vitality,' he wrote, 'of the Hebrew race reasserts itself with amazing persistence. Its genius, to tell the truth, adapts itself more or less to all the currents of civilization all over the world, nevertheless always emerging with distinctive features and a gallant recovery of vigor.
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14. G. Ashley: The USA and Number Thirteen
"Brit-Am Now"-921
http://www.britam.org/now/921Now.html
3. G. Ashley: The USA and Number Thirteen
From: GAshley923@aol.com
Subject: Since there are thirteen tribes in Israel-America,
had just thirteen states
Since there are thirteen tribes in Israel, and
since Ephraim and Manasseh were adopted after all
the rest were born, and Ephraim is counted for
Joseph, or rather that they are counted
interchangeably, there is no other chance for
Manasseh, numerically speaking, but that he is
number thirteen. Now, it is a significant fact,
that when Manasseh separated from Ephraim -- when
the people who have become a great nation
separated from those who have become a company of
nations, because their branches have continued to
run over the wall -- he, Manasseh, or America,
had just thirteen states, and that thirteen is
the prominent number in all the emblems and heraldry of the land.
National Seal of the United States of America
"He also shall become a People, and he also shall be Great"
Genesis 48:19
The first national flag of those original United
States had thirteen Stars and thirteen Bars. The
bars symbolize the Union, and the constellation
of thirteen stars was intended to symbolize the
nation formed of thirteen independent states.
In this, the Great Seal of our country ...we have
the arms and crest of the United States of
America. We would first call your attention to
the fact that the eagle is holding in what is
called the "Dexter" talon an Olive Branch. In the
fourteenth chapter of Hosea, that prophet, who
has so much to say about lost Ephraim-Israel, we have the following:
"O Israel, return unto the Lord thy God; I will
heal their backslidings; I will love them freely;
for mine anger is turned away from him . . . I
will be as the dew to Israel; he shall grow like
the lily [the national flower of Egypt], and cast
forth his roots as Lebanon [royal cedar]. His
branches shall spread, and his beauty shall be as
the OLIVE tree. Ephraim will say, What have I to
do any more with idols?" (Hosea 14:1, 4-6, 8)
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15. G. Ashley: Symbols of Joseph and the USA
"Brit-Am Now"-922
http://www.britam.org/now/922Now.html
1. G. Ashley: Symbols of Joseph and the USA
From: GAshley923@aol.com
Subject: The Heraldry of Joseph, became a law among us.
To: britam@netvision.net.il
The foundation of the United states was founded on the wings of Israel. If Israel falls so does Great Britain and the United States of America..
The Great Pyramid
(Reverse Side of America's National Seal)
This constellation is a group of thirteen stars, or planets, on a field of azure sky, which is exactly the same number of planets that appeared on the azure sky in the dream of Joseph, which drove him into separation from his brethren.
Any one of these features in the blazonry of our nation might have been a coincidence, but when we see that there is not a single feature, but that which is Josephic and Israelitish, it is simply astounding. But when we turn our face upon the reverse side of that great national seal we are overwhelmed, for there stands the Great Pyramid of Egypt, which is one of the two great monuments of Egypt, the birthplace of Ephraim and Manasseh, the Egypto-Israelitish sons of Joseph, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham. And, marvel of marvels! The national Crest of England has that other great monument of Egypt, the Sphinx, on its reverse side. Thus do the people of Great Britain and the United States of America, the Brother nations, by that which speaks louder than words, for signs are arbitrary, say that they are the offsprings of the Egypto-Israelitish holders of the Abrahamic birthright.
The people of the United States made this declaration by that which was made a law on Thursday, June 20, 1782, for on that day the ensign which bears those shadowing wings of Israel, together with the Heraldry of Joseph, became a law among us. Also over the pyramid on the reverse side of the Great Seal of America is another thirteen-lettered motto, which, of course is not only lawful, but also national; i.e., "Annuit Coeptis," -- "He [the Lord] hath prospered our undertakings." This also is Josephic, for we read,
"The Lord was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man." (Gen. 39:2)
"The Lord was with him [Joseph], and that which he did the Lord made it to prosper" (Gen. 39:23)
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16. The Dolmen Path - Dolmens Describe Roadways?
"Brit-Am Now"-922
http://www.britam.org/now/922Now.html
2.The Dolmen Path - Dolmens Describe Roadways?
Brit-Am says that Megalithic Monuments describe Migratory Paths.
http://www.britam.org/Proof/Attributes/roleDolmen.html
The quotation below suggests that the dolmens did in fact delineate pathways along which invaders etc travelled
which is a related concept to that of ours.
Extract from:
Philip Coppens:"Casting Stones"
http://www.philipcoppens.com/megaliths.html
<<An important clue is that even though Brittany is well-known for its tremendous concentration of megalithic monuments, it is in the far less known region east of Paris, around the city of Sens, that the largest concentration can be found. As the area is largely urban and industrial and not a holiday destination like Brittany, few people are however aware of this fact. One person who did become intrigued by these stones was the Belgian historian Marcel Mestdagh. His area of expertise were the Viking invasions. He noted that the invasion pattern in western Europe seemed to follow a particular feature of the landscape that other researchers had been unable to identify. Mestdagh believed that this pattern had to do with the distribution of megaliths across the landscape. Furthermore, he noted that this pattern seemed to focus in on Sens, which was unique from a Viking perspective in the sense that the town was besieged, rather than sacked as all other towns. Aware that megaliths were often used by later people as border stones, Mestdagh wondered whether they might actually be markers along the roads. Since then, other researchers have come to the conclusion that many megalithic monuments were indeed situated along ancient roads. If the megaliths marked roads ? and noting that the Vikings found a Europe that was largely rural, not urbanised, could it be that they followed this system, eventually ending up in Sens? If so, then it meant that all roads seemed to lead to Sens ? which made sense, as, having the largest concentration of megaliths, it might thus be the capital. Furthermore, Sens was close to Paris, which in later years would become the capital of France.
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17. New Grange and the present 365 day long year re Velikovsky
"Brit-Am Now"-922
http://www.britam.org/now/922Now.html
3. Brit-Am Megalithic Dating Proven!!
A Research Breakthrough??
The Astronomical Factor
Brit-Am and Company says that the Megaliths were constructed after ca. 700 BCE while MOST academics give dates like 4000 BCE (or earlier) to ca. 1500 BCE.
Megalithic Monuments according to very very many researchers were aligned according to astronomical phenomenon. This has been confirmed at least in part by scientific evidence. It can be experienced today by ANY visitor to Stonehenge etc in England, to New Grange in Ireland, and elsewhere.
Consider this quotation concerning New Grange:
<<The Winter Solstice sunrise event at Newgrange, where the sun shines into the long passage on the shortest day of the year and illuminates the central chamber, is the most heralded event in the Irish cultural calendar, and attracts major media attention every year. Most people know about it, and many gather at the famous mound every December to witness the event, even though most of them have to make do with seeing the event from outside. It is a famous example of ancient astronomy in action in modern times, and is a fitting beginning to our exploration of the ancient Irish skywatchers. At dawn on Winter Solstice every year, just after 9am, the sun begins to rise across the Boyne Valley from Newgrange over a hill known locally as Red Mountain. Given the right weather conditions, the event is spectacular. At four and a half minutes past nine, the light from the rising sun strikes the front of Newgrange, and enters into the passage through the roofbox which was specially designed to capture the rays of the sun. For the following fourteen minutes, the beam of light stretches into the passage of Newgrange and on into the central chamber, where, in Neolithic times, it illuminated the rear stone of the central recess of the chamber. With simple stone technology, these wonderful people captured a very significant astronomical and calendrical moment in the most spectacular way. The sunlight appears to be split into two beams - a higher beam and a lower beam. This is in fact true, the lower beam being formed by the doorway to the passage. It is the light which enters through the roofbox, however, which reaches the central chamber. For a very short time, the beam of sunlight enters the chamber, illuminating the floor. It is a narrow beam, only 34cm wide at the entrance and narrower in the chamber. Originally, the beam would have struck the rear chamber orthostat (C8) and, possibly, would have been reflected onto another chamber stone, C10, which contains the famous triple spiral. After just 14 short minutes, the beam disappears from the floor of the chamber, retreats down the passage and once again the heart of newgrange returns to darkness. >>
Source: "101 Facts About New Grange"
"Astronomy at New Grange"
http://www.mythicalireland.com/ancientsites/newgrange-facts/astronomy.php
The astonomical phenomenon are only valid on the assumption that the length of the solar year is the same today as it was when the monuments were constructed. Immanuel Velikovsky, "World in Collision", 1950, claimed that around 700 BCE as a result of cosmic calamities the calendars of all ancient peoples were changed from a year of 360 days to one of 365 1/4 days as of now. It is immaterial to us as to whether the explanation of Velikovsky for this phenomena is correct or not. What is important is that if the length of the year did change the Megalithic monuments must have been erected after the change took place, i.e. after 700 BCE.
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18. Immanuel Velikovsky, Megalithics, and the year 700 BCE
"Brit-Am Now"-923
http://www.britam.org/now/923Now.html
5. Divine Providence and The Path of Megalithic Monuments
http://britam.org/Jeremiah/Jeremiah29to32.html
[Jeremiah 31:21] SET THEE UP WAYMARKS, MAKE THEE HIGH HEAPS: SET THINE HEART TOWARD THE HIGHWAY, EVEN THE WAY WHICH THOU WENTEST: TURN AGAIN, O VIRGIN OF ISRAEL, TURN AGAIN TO THESE THY CITIES.
"Set yourself up stone monuments [menhirs, dolmens] and high heaps of stones [cairns] [i.e. "Megalithic" monuments!]. Set your heart towards the prepared way: The way in which you went. Turn back o virgin of Israel, return unto these cities of yours.
The existence of a Megalithic Trail Tracing Migrations of Israelites from the Middle East to Western Europe is
a powerful Proof.
According to our understanding of Jeremiah 31:21 it is GOD-given evidence quoted by the Prophet who foresaw its future use.
http://www.britam.org/Proof/Attributes/roleDolmen.html
This proof could not be generally accepted since the archaeological consensus
was that the Megalithic monuments dated from far too early.
This consensus existed despite evidence to the contrary.
http://www.britam.org/Questions/QuesArchaeology.html
If however the claim of Immanuel Velikovsky is correct,
i.e. the length of the solar year was lengthened around
700 BCE due to cosmic disturbances
then the major megalithic monuments in the west must
all be dated from after that period since they are aligned according
to the present solstices.
It would be a sign that Divine Providence had determined in advance
the acceptability of the megalithic monument migratory trail as
evidence!
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19. The Megalithic Path of Migration, Portugal, and Calendar Change
"Brit-Am Now"-924
http://www.britam.org/now/924Now.html
5. The Megalithic Path of Migration, Portugal, and Calendar Change
We have interpreted Jeremiah 31 as predicting the Megalithic Path would be referred to by the Lost Tribes of Ephraim-Israel in the future as proof of their origin from the Land of Israel.
[Jeremiah 31:20] IS EPHRAIM MY DEAR SON? IS HE A PLEASANT CHILD? FOR SINCE I SPAKE AGAINST HIM, I DO EARNESTLY REMEMBER HIM STILL: THEREFORE MY BOWELS ARE TROUBLED FOR HIM; I WILL SURELY HAVE MERCY UPON HIM, SAITH THE LORD.
Jeremiah 31:21] SET THEE UP WAYMARKS, MAKE THEE HIGH HEAPS: SET THINE HEART TOWARD THE HIGHWAY, EVEN THE WAY WHICH THOU WENTEST: TURN AGAIN, O VIRGIN OF ISRAEL, TURN AGAIN TO THESE THY CITIES.
http://britam.org/Jeremiah/Jeremiah29to32.html
"Set yourself up stone monuments [menhirs, dolmens] and high heaps of stones [cairns] [i.e. ?Megalithic? monuments!]. Set your heart towards the prepared way: The way in which you went. Turn back o virgin of Israel, return unto these cities of yours.
Megalithic Monuments describe Routes of migration from the Land of Israel to the West.
The academic "authorities" employ a system of dating that would put the megalithic long before the Israelite Exile.
Many megalithic structures however were built in accordance with an astronomical alignment.
Suppose that Divine Providence caused a change in astronomical alignments to take place just around the time of the Assyrian Exile?
If the astronomical alignments of the megalithic monuments were still valid today that would mean they would have to have been set up after the time of exile.
They therefore may serve as proof of the Migratory paths of the Israelite Exiles.
For a Map and List of Israelite Migratory Routes see:
http://www.britam.org/Questions/QuesHistory.html#Migratory
In the light of the above compare the following sources:
(1) Megalthic Monuments in Portugal and Astronomical Orientation
http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_portugal-4.html
Life and Death
<<The ancient Portuguese built many tombs and megalithic structures during the Neolithic period (from approximately 7000 BC to 2500 BC). Some of these monuments are still standing in Portugal today.
<<A megalithic structure is an ancient monument made of large stones. Megalith comes from Greek; "mega" means big and "lithos" means stone. Many megaliths are oriented toward the places on the horizon that the sun rises and sets during summer and winter solstices. In fact, some megaliths were built in a position that allows the rising sun to send its first rays into the depths of the chamber on the day of the winter solstice. Some also take into account the extreme paths of the moon.
<<Experts studying the Alentejo Tombs in southern Portugal have learned that all these tombs were built with an axis of symmetry and a special "entrance" that faces the sunrise in the east.
<<Researchers still do not know exactly why the Portuguese built the megaliths. Many were used for burial grounds, and others may have been built to mark certain routes or for religious purposes.
(2) Patten and Windsor in the path of Velikovsky and the Calendar Change
http://www.creationism.org/patten/PattenMarsEarthWars/PattenMEW12.htm
<<The tenth clue in this case is the ancient preference for 360-day calendars. It was not for 365 or 365.256-day calendars. And also there was a preference for 360-degree circles in the Middle East, the Near East and the Orient. After 701 B.C.E., only the Chinese changed their circle to 366?, the current count. They were, in a sense, more consistent than Western calendar makers and astronomers. But then, consistency has not been a necessity for mankind.
<<There are a minimum of fourteen ancient civilizations that used 360-day calendars in catastrophic times. Often they featured 30-day months, and twelve of them per year. For this to be accurate, the Earth's orbit would have to have been some 92,250,000 miles from the Sun, not the modern 92,959,000 miles.
<<There are more than fourteen ancient 360-day calendars; other researchers are welcome to expand this ancient day count per year. 360-day calendars have been found to have been useful in such ancient societies as Arabia, Assyria, Chaldea (Babylon), China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico (the Mayans), Persia, Peru (the pre-Incas), and ancient Rome, for starters. [n2]
If it is correct that the length of the year changed after 700 BCE all megalithic monuments aligned in accordance to the present calendar must date from after 700 BCE, i.e. after the Israelites were exiled.
This is in accordance with much archaeological evidence some of which we have quoted in the past.
http://www.britam.org/Questions/QuesArchaeology.html#Stonehenge
For maps of the Megalithic Trail of Migration see:
http://www.britam.org/Proof/Attributes/roleDolmen.html