Research Sources from Brit-Am Now nos. 951-975
Contents:
1. Milesians of Ireland. Hibernai, the land of the Hebrews.
2. The English word "hobby" from Hebrew?
3. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Britons from Armenia, Picts from Scythia
4. Megaliths dated from Bronze and Iron Ages and even later.
5. Clans of Manasseh Recorded in Archaeological Finds from Samaria!
6. Mummified Bodies found in the Hebrides, Scotland
7. Phoenicians and Israelites in Ireland and Britain alongside the Pussy Cat
8. List of Iron Age British Tribes
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1. Milesians
"Brit-Am Now"-951
2. Milesians in Mythology??
From: GAshley923@aol.com
Subject: The Stone of Destiny
As the Assyrians took over the land of the house of Israel, the people of Israel began to migrate to new lands. For Prince Gallam's group, one of their first stops while migrating westward was to the twelve Ionic states consisting of the coastlines of Asia Minor (Turkey), the Aegean Islands and Macedonia. According to the Annals of Miletus, Prince Gallam was the leader of these new-comers who made their stop in the state of Miletus. Continuing on, passing through the Straits of Gibraltar, they settled for a while in Spain and founded the city of Brigantia. At this time, Spain was called Iberes which is Gaelic for Hebrews. Motivated by a mysterious purpose to fulfill a destiny, they continued from Spain to Ireland. The name they gave Ireland was very similar to the name they gave Spain or 'Iberes,' called Hibernai, the land of the Hebrews.
When they arrived in Ireland they were met by the Danaans, who were against the idea of having new neighbors. Yet the Danaans had faced the same kind opposition against them in their arrival from a tribe of stone builders... And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion's whelp: he shall leap from Bashan (Deuteronomy 33:22). The tribe of Dan leapt from Bashan and the tribe of Judah (the Lion) went to fulfill its destiny to rule over Israel From Erin (Ireland).
The Gadelos, the people with prince Gallam, whose flag carried the caduceus (the medical symbol of the snakes wrapped around a pole) was known by several versions of their name, Gadil, Gadelim, Gadelius and Gadelians. The name basically means to become great; fortunate ones. Mixing with the Danaans, the term Gadel evolved to Gaidheil and finally it became the name of their language; Gaelic. The language of not only Ireland and Scotland, but the Welsh also evolved their language from the Phoenician tongue. For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people. To whom he said, This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest; and this is the refreshing: yet they would not hear. (Isaiah 28:11-12) In the Strong's Concordance of the Bible, the word 'stammering' in this verse is spelled g-a-e-l in the Hebrew. What a coincidence!...! It's from the word gael where the Gauls derived their name. Of course if Israel had still spoken the tongue of their homeland, then they wouldn't really have been lost nor would they have forgotten who they are.
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2. The English word "hobby" from Hebrew?
"Brit-Am Now"-952
3. The word "hobby" from Hebrew?
The English word "hobby" is an occupation indulged in for pleasure
usually in one's part time
as distinct from a "job" which one does out of necessity.
In Modern Hebrew "hobby" is translated as "TaChViV" which is written
something like Ta-HBiB
from the root "HBB" meaning to like, to endear.
The word root "HBB" is actually pronounceable and similar tot he
English word "hobby"
whose origin is unknown.
Perhaps this actually was the origin?
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3. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Britons from Armenia, Picts from Scythia
"Brit-Am Now"-952
1. Origin of the English
THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE
Translation by Rev. James Ingram
Compiled by order of King Alfred the Great, c. A.D. 890
Amended Continuously Until the Twelfth Century
The island Britain is 800 miles long, and 200 miles broad. And there
are in the island five nations; English, Welsh (or British),
Scottish, Pictish, and Latin. The first inhabitants were the Britons,
who came from Armenia, and first peopled Britain southward. Then
happened it, that the Picts came south from Scythia,
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4. Megaliths dated from Bronze and Iron Ages and even later.
"Brit-Am Now"-955
5. Megaliths - A New Source of Verification?
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/holtorf/5.1.6.html
This article claims that megalithic monuments were imitated by later cultures in Northern Europe, Ireland, and Scotland.
The article actually provides additional indications that these "later cultures" were contemporary with Megaliths from the very beginning.
See also:
BAMBU (Brit-Am Megalithic Bulletin Update)
http://britam.org/megalithic.html
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5. Clans of Manasseh Recorded in Archaeological Finds from Samaria!
"Brit-Am Now"-968
1. Archaeology: Evidence of Ancient Tribal Clans in Samaria of Manasseh
go to URL for Map and Illustration
Extracts:
Evidence for the locations of the clans of Manasseh, son of Joseph, were discovered in 1910 under the direction of G. A. Reisner in Samaria ( the capital city established 880 BC by king Omri ). Discovered were 63 potsherds with inscriptions written in ink, called ostraca ( plural ) or ostracon (singular). Though seemingly a minor find, they remain among the earliest of the archaeological discoveries of ancient Hebrew writings. Commercial records that document the transaction of oil and wine from various regions of Samaria to various officials. Thirty of them identify the clan/district name of 7 of the 10 offspring of Manesseh identified in Joshua 17:2-3 when they were being assigned their territory in chapter 17. Each of the five sons of verse 2 are identified, Abiezer ( 1 ostracon), Asriel ( 2 ostraca ), Helek ( 6 ostraca ), Shechem (1 ostracon ), and Shemida (17 ostraca ). Only two of the daughters of Zelophehad (verse 17:3) are identified, Hoglah (2 ostraca ) and Noah (1 ostracon ). The potsherds are estimated to date approximately 784-783 BC. The allocation of the territories took place in the 15th century BC and one might suspect that clan designations could have possibly passed out of use by that time. However, the locations and the spellings are unchanged. An indication of the strength of the clan loyalty of the nomatic Israelite tribes and a testimony to the accuracy of the Biblical records (ref. B&S Vol 10, No. 1, Winter 1997).
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6. Mummified Bodies found in the Hebrides, Scotland
"Brit-Am Now"-974
2. Ancient Scots Mummified Their Dead
(Remnants of a Canaanite Custom?)
http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2007/09/14/mummifiedscots_arc.html?category=archaeology
Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News
Sept. 14, 2007 The ancient Egyptians were not the only ones to mummify their dead, according to a study in this month's Antiquity Journal that claims prehistoric Scottish people created mummies too.
Initial evidence for Scottish mummies was announced in 2005, when archaeologists unearthed three preserved bodies, an adult female, an adult male and an infant, buried underneath two Bronze Age roundhouses in South Uist, Hebrides, at a site called Cladh Hallan. The bodies date to between 1300 and 1500 B.C.
"Distinctive microscopic and chemical changes in the bones showed that the bodies had not been placed in the ground immediately after death, but had been subject to conditions that may have enhanced their preservation," said Andrew Chamberlain, who worked on both the 2005 and the more recent investigations.
Microscopic and chemical analysis also determined the bodies were subject to an acidic environment that enhanced preservation.
That finding, and the arrangement of the bones, suggests the dead individuals were first wrapped tightly and then immersed into a peat bog. The scientists believe the bodies were then removed and carefully buried under the roundhouses, where individuals resided.
Bodies preserved in peat bogs have been found throughout Britain. With oxygen blocked, the bodies basically ferment in what has been described as a "slow cooking process" that causes them to tan and then darken.
Arranged stones marked the graves, which surprisingly were located right inside the entrance to the house. This would be like homeowners today having small cemeteries in the entry halls of their homes.
[Brit-Am Comment: This sound similar to a Canaanite practice as shown in archaeological excavations of Jericho and other sites.]
"The floor above the burials was kept clear of debris from craft activities, cooking, etc. so it seems that the occupants of the house were aware of the presence of the bodies buried under the floor," Chamberlain said.
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7. Phoenicians and Israelites in Ireland and Britain alongside the Pussy Cat
"Brit-Am Now"-975
2. Phoenicians and Israelites in Ireland and Britain alongside the Pussy Cat
http://www.britam.org/now/975Now.html
Excerpts:
To remind you: The Phoenicians are commonly regarded as mixed Canaanites and others
who dwelt in cities on the coast of Lebanon and Syria and engaged in trade by sea while establishing
colonies in North Africa, (e.g. Carthage) and elsewhere in the Mediterranean (Sicily, Marseilles, Spain, etc).
They also traded with the British Isles and according to Diodorus and others established settlements in Western Europe.
Our friend, Stephen Collins appears to identify the Phoenicians as mainly Israelites.
Brit-Am takes a middle course.
We say the Phoenicians were mainly non-Israelite.
Israelites tribes (such as Dan and Asher) however engaged in similar activity to the Phoenicians and more or less shared their
language and culture and so would be confused with them.
In addition Phoenicians and Philistines (whom we equate with Minoans and part of the Greeks)
on behalf of the Assyrians were instrumental in transporting Israelite
captives to the west.
See AMOS 1:6-9
http://britam.org/amos.html
also:
[Amos 4:2] THE LORD GOD HATH SWORN BY HIS HOLINESS, THAT, LO, THE DAYS SHALL COME UPON YOU, THAT HE WILL TAKE YOU AWAY WITH HOOKS, AND YOUR POSTERITY WITH FISHHOOKS
The Hebrew has "Tzinot" meaning fleets of ships or "great ships" not HOOKS
And "Sirot-dugah" meaning "fishing-boats" not FISHHOOKS!
I have explained at length that this verse is referring to a portion of the exiles having been taken across the sea by ship to Spain and elsewhere.
[A very good, concise, but quite thorough exposition of the Biblical and archaeological
evidence for Israelite re-settlement in Southern Spain and movement from there to the
British Isles is to be found in our work,
"Origin"
http://britam.org/origin.html
If this subject interests you and you consider it of importance then you need to obtain this
work along with other Brit-Am publications]
We understand that in some cases the identities of the Phoenicians and some Israelite
Tribes appears to have overlapped and also that Phoenicians and Greek-Minoans transported Israelites to the
west. It is therefore of importance to us to
know where these seafaring peoples were accustomed to sail.
The article discussed here deals with this question.
We found the article referred to below a little difficult to read.
It refers to archaeological findings with which we are not familiar.
The information however if correct is potentially quite important.
The article deals with the Phoenician presence in Africa as well as in Europe.
Of interest to us was the reported Phoenician links with the Veneti
(who from Brittany in West France moved to North Wales)
and models of ships that are in fact Phoenician found in Ireland plus
Phoenician trade in amber with Northern Europe.
The pussy cat is said to have been brought to the British Isles and Ireland by the Phoenicians.
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The Phoenicians in West Europe: From Canaan to Cornwall & (?) Cork
http://phoenicia.org/canaancornwall.html
Perspective of Phoenician activities in the Mediterranean and Western Europe
by Harry Bourne
Selected Brief Extracts:
At some stage of uncertain date, a Celtic dynasty ruled at Tartessos and according to Herodotus, its most famous king was Arganthonios....
it seems that by c. 500 B.C. Tartessos was in Carthaginian hands but how this happened is unknown to us.
Celtic skin-boats or currachs are described as having trading Cornish tin near the southern end of the Irish Sea with foreign ships. Irish currachs are recorded as having traded at the northern end of the Irish Sea in the Glossary compiled by Cormac MacCulennain. This Cormac's Glossary seems to be of the 9 th c. A.D.
Paul Johnstone (ib.) points out proving the [Phoenician ship called] hippos was known on the Atlantic coasts of Europe is that engraved on a jewel found at Aliseda (Portugal).
Lya and M. (Ships and boats depicted in the prehistoric rock-art of southern Spain in BAR 1984) cite the author of the papers on the rock-shelter at Laja Alta as saying that what is depicted there are ships from the important kingdom of southwest Iberia called Tartessos.
...it seems the combination of the Mediterano/Atlantic features are also shared with the ships of the Celtic or Gaulish tribe of that part of Gaul (= most of modern France) that was Armorica/is Brittany called the Veneti.
These were the Venetic ponti that represent the high point of Celtic ship-building and were admired by no less than Julius Caesar (1 st c. B. C. Roman) as being superbly adapted for Atlantic conditions.
There are three other other vessels from find-spots in the British Isles that may just belong here. They are the boat-(?) bowl found at Caregwle [north Wales], the so-called "Monk's Boat" form Lough Lene [Westmeath, Ireland], the gold model of a boat from Broighter (Derry/Londonderry, Ireland).
The bowl or model of a boat/ship from Caergwle [Wrexham, North Wales] was for a very long time described as a bowl made from wood that was generally accepted as being oak, covered in gold leaf and repeating the dimensions of a currach...
Hawkes (ib.) argued that the shape is not that of a currach but that of a Phoenician tub-shaped golah. If accepted, the attested Phoenic/Punic presence on the coasts of Portugal plus a possible analogy from north Wales in west Britain would closely parallel the 10 Greek ships proven by anchor-shanks from Setubal Bay (Portugal) and echoed by another again in north Wales but this time at Porth Felen. The Caergwle boat is of the Bronze Age but the anchor-stocks are said by Eric Boon (Antiquaries Journal 1975) to be of Iron Age date.
...the fact of Mediterranean traits seen above as of probable Phoenico/Punic origin included use of mortice and tenon joints, those of the Lough Lene [Westmeath, Central Ireland] boat may just belong here too.
Herodotus tells us that amber and tin came from the "the West"...
That amber came by way of the coasts of Europe is surely confirmed by the Greek term of elektron seemingly applied to the Frisian Isles as the Electrides.
...the Periplus of Himilco known only from the fragments seen to be contained in the Ora Maritima by Rufus Avienus when Himilco (via Avienus) tells us that sailed for four months along the "the coasts of Outer Europe" and this was to take him well past Galicia and probably up to Armorica. Solinus (2 nd/3 rd c. A.D. Greek) seemingly wrote that Tartessians plus Carthaginians sailed together to at least Armorica/Brittany.
Timaeus ( 5 th c. B.C.Greek), Diodorus Siculus (1 st c. B.C. Greek), Strabo (1 st c. B. C. Greek), etc, wrote of the Cassiterides (the Tin Islands). Some modern authors woefully misinterpret what is said by these Greeks and want Breton islets to be the Cassiterides. Many others want to indicate variously that the Cassiterides means all of Britain, that part of Britain that is Cornwall, that part of Cornwall that is Penwith (inc. Land's End) or the islands off Cornwall called the Isles of Scilly.
... Harden (The Phoenicians 1963) was of the belief that Phoenicians reached Ireland. This was also the opinion of Joyce (ib.). They felt this was proven by Himilco (via Avienus) referring to gens Hiernorum (= Ireland) plus insula Albionum (Britain).
The 10 th c. Irish poem of Oenach Carmain (= Fair of Carman) may throw some oblique light on this. It mentions Grecraige (= "Greeks") coming to Oenach Carmain trading fine cloth for Irish gold...The term of "Greek" in Old-Irish literature tends to mean "From the Mediterranean" unless something specific is being identified.
...the word of Canaan had something to do with dyed cloth but that it was equated by the Greeks with one of their words with a like meaning and hence our word of Phoenician.
Hawkes (Prehistoric and Roman Studies ed. G. de Sieveking 1971) and Powell (North Munster Antiquaries Journal 1973/4) .... both argue that Iberia plus Ireland exhibit Phoenician-type flower ornament .. that appear in form(s) naturalised to their respective countries and cultures.
...the proven [pussy-]cats of Iron Age date in Britain (as at Danebury [Hants] & sites in Wiltshire & the Scillies) plus another possible in Ireland at Crannog No.1 at Ballinderry (Offaly) remains moot. However,... the way the cat spread...coincides with Phoenician ships. Also observe in passing, the prominent role of cats in the Brehon Code (= the law-corpus of ancient Ire. & the most comprehensive of ancient west Eur.) not just as pets but for the practical vermin-catching qualities that may have decided whether a family would survive a harsh winter or not...
The direct Mediterrano/southern linkage is presumably strengthened by the find of a skull of Barbary ape (the type well known to us in Britain via those at Gibraltar) at Emain Macha (close to Armagh)..
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8. List of Iron Age British Tribes
"Brit-Am Now"-975
3. Iron Age British Tribes
Has map of British Tribes plus linked short but interesting notes on each one.
Native Tribes of Britain
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/british_prehistory/iron_01.shtml#top
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/british_prehistory/iron_02.shtml#17
01: Caledones
02: Taexali
03: Carvetii
04: Venicones
05: Epidii
06: Damnonii
07: Novantae
08: Selgovae
09: Votadini
10: Brigantes
11: Parisi
12: Cornovii
13: Deceangli
14: Ordovices
15: Corieltauvi
16: Iceni
17: Demetae
18: Catuvellauni
19: Silures
20: Dubunni
21: Dumnonii
22: Durotriges
23: Belgae
24: Atrebates
25: Regni
26: Cantiaci
27: Trinovantes