Research Sources from Brit-Am Now nos. 1236-1400 (posted on 19 April, 2015, 30 Nisan, 5775)
Contents:
1. Sambat meaning Shabat also found in Gothic!
2. Scythians
(a) Scythian village and cemetery unearthed in Northeast Hungary
(b) Scythian Linbks to Sweden and Denmark
3. Bo Ingvar Ronn: More on Africa: Phoenicians in Mauritius? Nearer to Australia and New Zealand?
4 . Stephen Spykerman: "No taxation without representation!" Manasseh versus Ephraim?
5. Ine og Eirik Stokke: Did the Goths Worship the God of Israel? Hebrew Name of God on Gothic Find!
6. The English word "Maim" from Hebrew!
7. The Name for the Angles of England, its Hebrew Meaning, and the Biblical Significance of Names
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1. Sambat meaning Shabat also found in Gothic!
In our works (especially "Ephraim")
http://britam.org/bkephraim.html
we speak of the tradition that associated the Lost Ten Tribes with the Sambatian River.
Sambation mean "Shabat".
From the GOTHIC-L group:
several weekdays names were borrowed by the Goths from the Greek in a manner like this:
SABBATOU hHMERA "the day of Sabbath" > sabbato dags (Mc 2:27 et passim) > *sambatadags > OB sambaztag > NHG Samstag
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2. Scythians
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(a) Scythian village and cemetery unearthed in Northeast Hungary
http://www.caboodle.hu/nc/news/news_archive/single_page/article/11/scythian_vil/?cHash=cc250b6869
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(b) Scythian Linbks to Sweden and Denmark
##The Continental homelands of the Anglo-Saxons
Contemporary Review, Dec, 2002 by David Burns##
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1643_281/ai_96210739
This is an article suggesting that the Angles and Saxons who invaded England originated in Sweden.
It contains the following sentence:
##Beowulf was of the Geats, generally considered to be the Gotar from Gotaland in southern Sweden, and the poem is largely to do with the relationships between the Geats, the Scylfings (Svear, Swedes or Ynglingas) to the north-east, and the Scyldings of Denmark.##
Note the peoples mentioned:
(1. Scylfings (Svear, Swedes or Ynglingas) to the north-east
(2. Scyldings of Denmark
Both peoples are based on the root "Scyl"
According to Herodotus the Scythinas called themselves "Scoloti". This too would appear to be based on a "Scol" word root.
Were the word-roots "Scyl" and "Scol" in effect one and the same?
We have already raised this possibility in our book on the Khazars.
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3. Bo Ingvar Ronn: More on Africa: Phoenicians in Mauritius? Nearer to Australia and New Zealand?
Source of Map:
Location of Mauritius
http://www.mapsofworld.com/mauritius/mauritius-location-map.html
Good Day, Yair Davidiy
Further information in English about the Seven Pyramids in Mauritius.
http://www.histories-mysteries.com/2009/03/29/seven-pyramids-mauritius/
Very nice pictures of the pyramids. However, a map showing Mauritius in a
wrong position.
Shalom
Seafaring Goth / Bo Ingvar Ronn / Mauritius
Seven pyramids identified on the African island of Mauritius
Brit-Am Now no. 1333: The Lost Tribes of Israel
http://www.britam.org/now/1333Now.html#More
Extracts Only:
http://www.histories-mysteries.com/2009/03/29/seven-pyramids-mauritius/
Seven pyramids identified on the African island of Mauritius
Seven pyramids have been identified on the African island of Mauritius. Remarkably, in construction, they are identical to the ones found on the island of Tenerife, an island on the opposite side of the continent. It underlines the likelihood that one civilisation sailed to various islands off the coast of Africa and constructed these structures.
The island of Mauritius is part of the Mascarene Islands and is in the Indian Ocean, about 900 kilometres (560 miles) east of Madagascar. The island is 61 km long and 47 km wide, and sits just north of the Tropic of Capricorn. In origin, it is a volcanic island.
The historical record shows that the island was known to Arab and Austronesian sailors as early as the 10th century; Portuguese sailors first visited in 1507. Mauritius was first plotted on a map in 1502, made by the Italian Alberto Cantino. The Arabs called the island Dina Harobi, while the planisphere identifies all three Mascarene islands (Reunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues) and calls them Dina Margabin, Dina Harobi and Dina Morare.
It is suspected that prior to the Arabs, Mauritius was known to certain people living on the African shores, as well as the famous Sea Peoples, a confederacy of seafaring raiders, which included the proto-Phoenicians. The Greek account of Periplus relates the story of Hanno (Hannan), the Carthaginian navigator, who lived in the 5th century BC, and who traversed the Straits of Gibraltar at the command of ships that would explore the African coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. Herodotus describes a Phoenician expedition leaving the Red Sea and traversing the "sea of the south", and, following the orders of the Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II (610-595 BC), entered back into the Mediterranean Sea through the Straits of Gibraltar, which means they circumnavigated Africa.
The seven small pyramids that have been identified are located on the south side of the island... Their foundation is rectangular and in height, they do not exceed twelve metres; they have between 6 and 11 terraces. In appearance, they are similar to the pyramids located on another volcanic island off the western coast of Africa, Tenerife; similar structures also exist on the Mediterranean island of Sicily, which is also volcanic in origin.
There are many parallels between the pyramids of Mauritius and Tenerife. On both island, the pyramids are part of a complex: a series of pyramids grouped together in one location. On both islands, the pyramids are made from lava stone and the construction does not use any mortar or other connecting agent. Some of the structures on Mauritius have been partially dismantled, with the stones remployed nearby. In one coating of basalt rollers, there can be found limestone blocks underneath, no doubt of coral origin.
The Tenerife pyramids equally do not surpass 12 metres in height, and detailed photographs of the terracing makes it clear that one cannot distinguish whether one is observing a pyramid on Tenerife or Mauritius. In the case of "Mauritius Pyramid 1", access to the upper platform is via a central staircase. This has been restored in a whiter stone, and is therefore more visible. Not all pyramids have such an access ? again on par with their Tenerife cousins. It suggests that there is a commonality between the two islands that is beyond the coincidental.
Some of the Mauritius pyramids, with their platforms, could have been used for astronomical observations. This too would be on par with Tenerife, specifically at the Guimar complex. ...
Heyerdahl argued that the Maldives were located on an Eastern maritime trading route that was used by various ancient civilisations, coming from the Middle East.
The ancient Egyptians used the Phoenician fleet to carry out expeditions, and it is known that the Phoenicians constructed astronomical temples that were perfectly aligned to the cardinal points and solar phenomena. With the discovery of identical pyramid complexes on Tenerife, Sicily and now Mauritius, it is clear that these are remnants of a seafaring culture, which has left traces on islands on various sides of the African continent.
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Note:
If the Phoenicians were in Mauritius then it is easy to see how they would also have visited Australia.
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4 . Stephen Spykerman: "No taxation without representation!" Manasseh versus Ephraim?
http://www.britam.org/now/1355Now.html#Stephen
From: Stephen Spykerman <sspykerman@supanet.com>
Subject: American War of Independence and the american Civil War were
prophesied by Isaiah
Extracts:
Brit Am has proved beyond all doubt that Great Britain and her Commonwealth daughters such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand, as well as part of South Africa are dominated by Ephraim, whereas in the United States of America the tribe of Manasseh predominates. It is therefore no good looking at the histories of other nations.
By way of further proofs that Isaiah could only have been speaking about America and Great Britain, I would like to provide some further remarkable evidence.
The catalyst for rebellion
The British exchequer, after Britain's victory over the French in the Seven Years War (1756-63), had become heavily depleted and was in sore need of funds. The Parliament at Westminster was looking for ways to raise the extra revenue needed to replenish its coffers. Some in the British government reasoned that, as much of the war effort had been for the benefit of her American colonists, it would be only fair to have some of those rich colonials bear some of the burden. Thus the decision was made to levy a special stamp tax on the Americas. The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first direct tax imposed by Parliament on their American brothers. In reality the Americans were only being asked to pay a share of their own defence. As it was, the new tax, even though it effectively doubled the low local taxes the American colonists had to pay, still only came to a flat rate of two shillings per person. Furthermore, the colonial Americans enjoyed a higher level of prosperity than the people back in the mother country. The British on average paid ten times the amount in tax the colonists were being asked to pay. However, the English colonists did not see it that way. They felt strongly that the British parliament had no right to pass laws on Englishmen in the Americas who did not have elected representation in that government! Very soon the cry went up: "No taxation without representation!" This then became the popular war cry throughout the thirteen Colonies.
History repeats itself
Here we see history repeating itself in the most remarkable way, as in ancient times the division of Israel was over exactly the same issue. It is interesting to note that when the Ten Tribes of Israel rebelled against the rule of the Royal House of David and split away from Judah, the cause for the division was the onerous taxation plans of King Rehoboam, the son of Solomon. It was the king's introduction of higher taxation that drove the Ten Tribes of Israel to rebel against their duly constituted monarch. This same Rehoboam was a very stubborn king who simply would not budge or compromise. Thus in ancient Israel the same cry had gone up: ?No taxation without representation!? Although, the Bible expresses the same sentiment somewhat differently, nevertheless it amounted to the same thing. The Scriptures record the incident as follows:
Now when all Israel saw that the king did not listen to them, the people answered the king, saying: "What share have we in David? We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse. To your tents, O Israel! Now, see to your own house, O David!" (1Kings 12:16)
With wisdom, and certain willingness to compromise, conflict could quite easily have been averted in both cases but, primarily through the stubborn folly of King George III, who without knowing it was walking in the footsteps of King Rehoboam, the whole situation got completely out of hand. It was all so unnecessary, as the Colonists looked upon Britain as their mother-country; they talked of her as "home", and now, for want of a little "give and take" on both sides in a spirit of compromise, both mother-England and her own Colonial children were fighting each other. Thus, just as Isaiah had prophesied in (Isaiah 9:21), Manasseh was devouring Ephraim!
The founding fathers of America clearly recognised the Biblical connection between the Israelite experience of coming out from Egyptian bondage and their own battle against the colonial bondage under the "tyranny" of an English king. For example, Thomas Jefferson originally proposed that the reverse side of the American Seal portray the liberated "children of Israel" in the wilderness being led by a divine pillar of cloud during the day and a pillar of fire by night. Jefferson's own motto engraved on his personal seal was borrowed from Oliver Cromwell's famous words of justification: "Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God."
Another War of Rebellion
The American Civil War can also be referred to as the "War of Rebellion" as in effect the Southern States rebelled against the North and the Union. In this respect we see yet another parallel with ancient Israel. When the great rebellion occurred in ancient Israel, it was the tribe of Ephraim which led the rebellion resulting in the breakaway of the ten tribes of Israel to set up their own independent kingdom to the north of Judah. What we witness in the Civil War is a kind of replay. Here again we see the tribe of Ephraim leading the secessionist rebellion of the Confederate States of America. In the first rebellion in ancient Israel it was the tribes of the North led by Ephraim that seceded from the South. In the second rebellion the reverse was the case as the tribes of the South, once again led by Ephraim, seceded from the North.
A fascinating point is that the symbols associated with the very first battle in the conflict pointed directly to Manasseh and Ephraim. The first battle of the American Civil War took place at Manassas, Virginia! Furthermore, the Northern forces (the Yankees), referred to this first battle as "Bull Run". "Bull Run" was named after a creek that was in the vicinity of the town of Manassas. The paramount symbol of Ephraim is the bull, and the English characteristically refer to themselves as "John Bull". The Southern Confederate forces on the other hand called the battle "Manassas" after the nearby town. When you place these statements side by side we see a subliminal acknowledgement to the battle by the two brother tribes of Israel by both the North and the South. The North were fighting Ephraim the 'Bull,' whereas the South were fighting Manasseh at a place called Manassas. As a point of interest, even the nickname 'Yankee' itself is derived from a Hebrew form of Jacob.
In the American Civil War, Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederation, led the South. The meaning of the name Davis is "Son of David", and thus by his very name we see here a reference to King David of Israel. At the same time, a man of Jewish birth named Judah Philip Benjamin was the Secretary of State for the Confederate States of America (1862-1865). There is a high degree of irony in this, as in the first division in ancient Israel, the northern tribes led by Ephraim split away from Judah and Benjamin under the House of David. In the second division, i.e. in the American Civil War, Ephraim under Davis with Judah Benjamin attempted to split away but was prevented from doing so by Abraham Lincoln, a man named after Abraham, the first Patriarch of Israel. Can we not see the Hand of HaShem at work in this amazing irony?
Stephen Spykerman
Mount Ephraim Publishing
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5. Ine og Eirik Stokke: Did the Goths Worship the God of Israel? Hebrew Name of God on Gothic Find!
re The god on the Pietroassa ring
http://www.britam.org/now/1384Now.html#Ine
Yair!
As you may have commented on earlier, the Pietroassa ring found in 1837 in today's Romania, includes the old Futhark gothic inscription GUTANIOWI HAILAG. There have been numerous different translations proposed by scientists and scholars, but one theory interprets the IOWI part of the inscription as "the god of the Goths". That is, JOVE, the latin form of Jupiter. But some scholars have of course seen the obvious similarity between the names IOWI/JOVE and that of the god of the Hebrews.
What is your views on the matter? Saturn has often historically been associated with the Jews. What about Jupiter?
Yours sincerely, Eirik Stokke. Norway.
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Brit-Am Reply:
Yes. You are correct.
We too have mentioned this find previously. The name of the god Jove of the Romans was derived from the name of the God of the Hebrews.
What has been explained as a borrowing by the Goths from the Romans could just as easily reflect a native tradition of their own since some additional indications support such a possibility.
It may be that at least some of the Goths worshipped the God of Israel.
Similar (and perhaps stronger) finds have been found by the Alans who were allied to the Goths and later became part of the Khazars.
See our work:
The Khazars. Tribe 13
http://www.britam.org/Khazarbook.html
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6. The English word "Maim" from Hebrew!
Addition to Haazinu Commentary
http://www.britam.org/deuteronomy/9haazinu.html
We Commented:
[Deuteronomy 32:5] THEY HAVE CORRUPTED THEMSELVES, THEIR SPOT IS NOT THE SPOT OF HIS CHILDREN: THEY ARE A PERVERSE AND CROOKED GENERATION.
THEIR SPOT. Hebrew "Moomam" i.e. their imperfection, disqualifying impairment, BLEMISH.
This verse should preferably be rendered:
THEY DESTROY THEMSELVES, NOT HE, HIS CHILDREN ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR OWN BLEMISH. THEY ARE A STUBBORNLY DECEIVOUS AND TWISTED GENERATION.
God is just. Mankind is the cause of misfortune. In most cases we cannot plead innocence.
We have added the following linguistic comment:
##The English word "maim" meaning "mutilate, cripple" has its origin given as Middle English maynhe, Old French mahaignier. These are possibilities but like most alleged etymologies no more than that. The word "MAIM" would in Biblical Hebrew be how one would say "Impart a Moom". It is the Verbal Form of the Hebrew Moom. There are many English words like that. One could reconstruct spoken Hebrew from Biblical Times with the assistance of such examples from Old English!
No-one is likely however to undertake such a work since the only people who could appreciate it would be those with knowledge of both Biblical Hebrew and English and with some initial curiosity regarding the possibility of an ancient link between English and Hebrew.##
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7. The Name for the Angles of England, its Hebrew Meaning, and the Biblical Significance of Names
Benjamin: Re the Angles and Saxons,
A Criticism of Brit-Am Biblical Interpretation and Historical Understanding
Subject: The English as a lost tribe of Israel
Hi there,
I was reading some of the writings on your site, Britam, and feel compelled to tell you about the origin of the name England. The country is named after a Germanic tribe called the Angles who settled in the south east of the country, about 1200 years ago. One of their Kings, Alfred the Great, made various pacts or alliances with other Kings and then a wider area of land eventually took on the name of the land of the Angles. This Angleland or England, or as the French say, Angleterre. It has nothing to do with angles of the degree variety. Or the ends of the earth. The name of the Angles still survives in the area of East Anglia. There are also place-names such as Ingleton and Ingleborugh, much further north in North Yorkshire, about 200 miles from East Anglia. Have you not heard of the Anglo-Saxons. Also Saxony is in Germany, where the Saxons came from. This name survives in the counties of Sussex, Wessex, Essex and the old area of Middlesex. Sussex means South Saxon, Wessex means West Saxon, Essex, East, etc. It is nothing to do with Isaac (I-Sax). It seems you are clutching at straws in desperation to make the theory fit the facts, rather than the facts fit the theory.
Thank you
Ben
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Brit-Am Reply:
Sections:
Thank You. Criticism is valuable even when undeserved.
The Angles and Saxons in History.
Wikipedia Explanations of the name "Angle".
Biblical Importance of the Sound of Names
Angle Also Means Aegel (Bull-Calf).
Thank You.
Thank you for your observations. Even though you are mistaken (as shown below) in your criticisms it is preferable
that you have uttered them rather than keeping them to yourself.
You are apparently criticizing our explanation of the term "Angle" and have misunderstood what we said.
This may indicate a fault on our part in not making what we were saying sufficiently clear.
The Angles and Saxons in History.
http://www.britam.org/now/1394Now.html
Alfred the Great (849 - 899) was at first king of the West Saxons (not the Angles) in Wessex.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great
There are historians who seem to suggest that to some degree in England the terms Saxon and Angle may have been interchangeable which explains the facility of the name England being unanimously accepted by them all.
The Angles (before coming to Britain) had been in what is now East Germany and then moved to the region of Schleswig-Holstein and southern Denmark.
The Jutes had been to their north and the Saxons to their south.
The Saxons who invaded England were related to the Frisians of the Netherlands and had no (or very little) connection to the area later known as Saxony in Germany.
The place-names Ingleton and Ingleborugh that you mentioned in North Yorkshire in association with the Angles is of interest.
In our book "The Tribes" we also show that the Angles were in this area.
http://britam.org/the-Tribes.html
You will find claims that the name Angle meant just that, "angle" (inclination of two lines to each other) and was given to the Angles because their land in North Germany looks angular on a map.
Wikipedia Explanations of the name "Angle".
This is what Wikipedia says:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angles
The original noun from which this adjective was produced has not been determined with confidence. The stem is theorized to have had the form *Ang?l/r-. The more prominent etymological theories concerning the name's origin have included:
Derivation from the Latin word angulus, translating as "angle".
The Old English word for the Baltic district of Angeln (where the Angles are believed to have emigrated from) is Angel. This is the preferred etymological theory amongst historians, and may connect to Angle (the peninsula is noted for its "angular" shape).
It may mean "the people who dwell by the Narrow Water," (i.e. the Schlei), from the Proto-Indo-European language root ang- meaning "narrow".
Derivation from the Germanic god Ingwaz or the Ingvaeones federation of which the Angles were part (the initial vowel could as well be "a" or "e").
We reject these explanations but even if they are true they do not nullify the use we have made of the term.
Angles and the End of the Earth
The Lost Ten Tribes were prophesied as in the End Times being at the Ends of the Earth.
Taking the Land of Israel as the Center the term End of the Earth could apply to the British Isles along with other places.
The word England or Angle-Land or in French "Angleterre" could be understood to mean "End of the Earth" as pointed out by Rabbi Manasseh ben Yisrael. This REGARDLESS of what the term "Angle" actually meant when it was first used.
Biblical Importance of the Sound of Names
The Bible (and later Rabbinic Tradition) attached importance to names according to their sound.
We have, for instance, the city Beer Sheva.
In Hebrew "Beer" means well and Sheva can mean either oath (swear) or seven.
In fact in English the word "seven" is derived from one optional dialectical pronunciation of the Hebrew "sheva" (seven) which could be sounded as "seven".
So too, the English word "swear" is also derived from the Hebrew "sheva" meaning taking an oath or swearing.
Abraham [Genesis 21:30] gave the King of the Philistines, Abimelech, seven ewe lambs
as a token of acknowledgement by Abimelech that the well belonged to Abraham who had dug it.
http://britam.org/Genesis/Gen18to22VaYera.html
[Genesis 21:31] WHEREFORE HE CALLED THAT PLACE BEERSHEBA; BECAUSE THERE THEY SWAREBOTH OF THEM.
BEERSHEBA: i.e. Beer Sheva, The well (Beer) of Seven ("Sheba" or "seva"). ...it may be that in this as in similar cases that the name of the place was already "Beer-Sheba" but Scripture is saying that the name presages the events that were destined to take place there.
This is a play on words: He set aside seven ewe lambs because they swore in that place. In Hebrew seven issheva and swear is shevuah. The two words derive from the same root and sound similar. This happens frequently in Scripture: The two different meanings of one word-root are used together and a connection is noticed or created between them.
[Genesis 26:32] AND IT CAME TO PASS THE SAME DAY, THAT ISAAC'S SERVANTS CAME, AND TOLD HIM CONCERNING THE WELL WHICH THEY HAD DIGGED, AND SAID UNTO HIM, WE HAVE FOUND WATER.
[Genesis 26:33] AND HE CALLED IT SHEBAH: THEREFORE THE NAME OF THE CITY IS BEER SHEBA [Hebrew: Sheva i.e. Beer Sheva] UNTO THIS DAY.
The word transliterated here as Shebah in Hebrew is pronounced as Shevah.
The name of the city was Beer Sheva beforehand.
The Commentators say that this was the seventh well Isaac had dug in the area.
Beer Sheva would therefore mean the seventh well.
Previously Abraham (Genesis 21:31) had been in the region and he had given the place the name Beer Sheba due to the giving of seven (Hebrew: Sheva) ewe lambs and the swearing of an oath (Hebrew: Sheva) that had taken place in that region.
In both cases an existing name seems to have been re-interpreted to fit the events that took place in the location of that name.
We would suggest an additional facet to the meaning of Sheva. In Hebrew the root SVA means satisfy, content.
This root seems close to the root of Sheva.
The "S" and "sh" can sometimes interchange.
At all events we see here an application of two word meanings for the one word and an attaching of additional significance to a place name in accordance with events.
Angle Also Means Aegel (Bull-Calf).
The name Angle in Hebrew is an alternative pronunciation of Aegel and Aegel on the Continent was a diminutive for Angle.
Aegel in Hebrew means bull-calf.
[Deuteronomy 33:17] HIS GLORY IS LIKE THE FIRSTLING OF HIS BULLOCK, AND HIS HORNS ARE LIKE THE HORNS OF UNICORNS: WITH THEM HE SHALL PUSH THE PEOPLE TOGETHER TO THE ENDS OF THE EARTH: AND THEY ARE THE TEN THOUSANDS OF EPHRAIM, AND THEY ARE THE THOUSANDS OF MANASSEH.
BULLOCK or bull: John "Bull" is a nickname for Britain. England is named after the Angles who were also known as "Aegloi".
In Ancient Northern Germanic dialects as well as in Ashkenazic Hebrew "Angle" was another way of pronouncing "Aegel".
In Hebrew Aegel means bull-calf. Aegel is a nickname in the Bible for Ephraim, cf. Jeremiah 31:18.
The name England (Angle-Land) may actually be considered to mean "The Land of the Bull-Calf" i.e. the Land of Ephraim.