Gems-3

No. 1 Selected Articles from Previous Brit-Am Now Postings

Gems of Brit-Am
Ten Tribes Revelation. Selected Articles and Notes from Past Issues of Brit-Am Now
See Also:Contents of Gems
Gem-3 [1349-1340]
Contents:
1. A British Israel DNA Perspective Worth Noting
2. Why it is Important that you Know you descend from Israel.
3. Jewish Davidic Roots of British Royal Family
4. Taking the Shoe off (Ruth 4:7) and Marriage Customs?
5. The Tribe of Asher and Oil
6. DNA Racial Classifications
7. Abarbanel on Dan: Symbols
8. Beowulf and the Tribe of Benjamin
9. Transport of Israelite Exiles Overseas
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1. A British Israel DNA Perspective Worth Noting
1349
1. DNA. Brit-Am Contributes to the Overall British-Israel Related Message
The Brit-Am Understanding of DNA has been largely incorporated in the British Israel Reply to criticism against its beliefs on DNA grounds.
Martin Lightfoot, a BIWF official in Britain, consulted with Yair Davidiy on the DNA matter and we came to a general agreed that was written up and then according to Martin Lightfootsent sent for consideration to "Michael Bennett who is president of our fellow organization the BIBTF. He is a qualified biologist"
The result is below.
It will be noticed that many Brit-Am points have been adopted.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Israelism#Lack_of_consistency_with_modern_genetic_findings

The Israel Identity Haplogroup Issue The large variety of haplogroup markers in the Middle East (see JD McDonalds (2005) research map) corroborates the Biblical account of Assyrian invasions that removed almost the entire population of the Northern Kingdom of Israel and a very large proportion of Judah, and replaced them with various peoples from a whole range of conquered provinces from beyond the Taurus mountains in modern Turkey to the Zagros in modern Iran. The shape of Abraham, Isaac and Jacobs "Y" chromosome is not known. What if it was in fact R1b, i.e. that of Western Europeans many of whom according to Milton.J, Camden.W and Turner.S histories of the British people are known to have migrated from the Middle East. The haplogroups "J1 & J2" largely associated with Jews could have developed from R1b simply by loss of the extra DNA information that distinguishes J from R. Furthermore, the Jews (largely from the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi) and the Ten Tribes have been separated for about 3,000 years. The length of separation together with some foreign infusion on both sides, environmental influences, genetic drift, etc, is more than enough to explain any differences that may exist between the two bodies. Moreover, it is only correct to say that the "Y" chromosome is conveyed largely unchanged throughout successive generations of males. It is not true to say that no combination occurs between the Y and X chromosomes. According to Stanford School of Medicine (Genetics) the "Y" chromosome not only recombines with up to 5% of the "X", it also recombines with its own "Y" duplicate DNA. The male DNA (Y chromosome) of Jews is close to that of groups who have dwelt in the Middle East for an extended period such as the Kurds, Turks, Armenians and to a lesser degree Arabs. This however should be explained by geographical provenance. The Jews were in the Middle East for much longer than the Ten Tribes and the Jewish DNA type was determined by environmental influences. Conventional DNA theory attributes all major changes to UEPs (Unique Event Polymorphisms) meaning that single mutation somewhere along the line becomes the ancestral factor to all further appearances of that phenomenon. The evidence indicates however that instead of UEPS we actually have REP (Repeat Event Polymorphisms) with the same effect occurring almost simultaneously in more than one paternal source. Once the changes occur they are indeed transmitted by heredity. The changes themselves however may be triggered off by environment, nitrogen in the soil, the presence of metals, diet, and other factors. Fertilizers shape plant genomes. Conventional DNA based on the Y Chromosome (transmitted only by males) leads to the following conclusions: Most Japanese (haplogroup D) are closer to Africans (DE, E) than they are to Chinese and Koreans (O). East Europeans (R1a) and West European Celts (R1b) are much closer to Amerindians (Q), Chinese and Koreans (O), than they are to Scandinavians, North Germanics, Sardinians, Croats (I), and Jews, Greeks, and Arabs (J) North African white Berbers, Mediterranean and Balkan whites along with ca. 20% of Ashkenazic Jews (E3b), are a branch of black Africans (E3a).These apparent anomalies may have something to them but we doubt it. The mistaken perception has come about due to DNA researchers wishing to understand DNA reality as an evolutionary sequence. This has led them to depart from their own principles of research. The progression from onehaplogroup to another (if it took place) in fact is more likely to have gone from a "developed" haplogroup(such as R or N) losing information. Observed mutations indicate the loss of DNA information. Finally, Israel identity researchers have continually protested that the Anglo Saxon / Cymri-Celtic / Norman peoples are largely of common stock. This is now ably demonstrated by current haplogroup data as seen on JD McDonalds (2005)research map.
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2. Why it is Important that you Know you descend from Israel.
1349
Knowledge concerning the Lost Ten Tribes obtained from
The Brit-Am Ten Tribes Movement Message should be important to you because:

The Bible speaks to you as Israelites.
The Bible warns you, promises you.
Biblical Blessings Pertain to you.
You have Obligations.
It involves your Ancestry
This Knowledge is Offered to you about yourself as an act of Divine Providence
It means the Jews are your brothers and should be regarded as such.
The State of Israel is part of your heritage.

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3. Jewish Davidic Roots of British Royal Family

1348
From: Amnon Goldberg <thaxted@netvision.net.il>
Subject: Sarfatti family ancestry with British Royal family through Makhir an
ancestor of Rashi?

Your opinion of this?
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Begin forwarded message:


From: Martin Dunn <martindunn_@msn.com>
Date: May 28, 2009 5:11:43 PM PDT
To: <sarfatti@pacbell.net >
Subject: Sarfati family shared ancestry with British Royal family through Makhir an ancestor of Rashi


In the attachment are genealogies for Britain's Queen Victoria and the current monarch Queen Elizabeth II showing their direct lineage to Makir Todros (also known as Theodoric) or Makhir of Narbonne who was Jewish and also an ancestor of our Sarfatti family through our ancestor Rashi of Troyes, France (1040-1105).

Makhir helped Charles Martel, known as Charles "The Hammer" (the grandfather of Emperor Charlemagne) defeat the Islamic Saracen invaders of France at the Battle of Tours in the year 732. Because of his military assistance to Charles, Makhir was given land and title, as was common during the Feudal period and ruled over the Province of Septimania. Columbia University Professor, Arthur Zuckerman has written about this history in his book, "A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France". (Columbia University Press 1970) of which I have a copy.

Makhir's ancestors were the Exhilarch rulers of the Jewish community in Babylon, descended from the house of King David.
Later they left Babylon to settle in southern Europe around the year 600.

Because of the Davidic ancestry of Makhir, most Royal families in Europe like to claim their "Divine Right" to rule based on their connection to Makhir. Likewise according to Jewish tradition, our Sarfatti family ancestor, Rashi is also acknowledged to be a descendant of King David.

Queen Victoria was very proud of her Jewish ancestry and in fact it is a tradition for centuries in the British Royal family that all male heirs to the throne have been circumcised owing to this Jewish connection. Prince Charles was circumcised by Queen Elizabeth's personal (Jewish) physician, Dr Snowman. Princess Diana went against the tradition and forbade Princes William & Harry to undergo circumcision, however after Diana died in the car accident, Queen Elizabeth with the acquiescence of the two boys, quietly had them circumcised, continuing the tradition.

Martin
in Sydney


Davidic Ancestry of Queen Elizabeth II.

1. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain
2.King George VI
3. King Geroge V
4. King Edward VII
5.Prince Albertof Saxe-Coburg andGotha
6.Duke Ernest Anthony Charles Louis
7. Duke Francis Frederick Anthony
8. Duke Ernest Frederick
9. Duke Francis Josiah
10.Duke John Ernest
11.Duke Ernest of Saxe-Coburg
12.John Duke of Saxe-Weimar
13.John William Duke of Saxe-Weimar
14.John Frederick King ofSaxony
15.John King ofSaxony
16.Ernest King ofSaxony(born 1441)
17.Frederick II King ofSaxony
18.FrederickI King ofSaxony
19.Frederick III Margrave ofMeissen
20.Frederick II Margrave ofMeissen(born 1310)
21.Frederick I Margrave ofMeissen
22.Albert I Landgrave of Thuringia (born 1240)
23.Henry Margrave ofMeissen
24.Dietrich (Theodoric)MargraveofMeissen
25.Otto Margrave of Meissen (born 1125)
26.Conrad Margrave of Meissen [born 1098]
27.Thimo Margrave of Kistritz
28.Dietrich II Margrave of Ostmark
29.Count Dedi of Hassenger [b.1000]
30.Count Dietrich I of Hassenger [b.980]
31. Count Dedi of Hassenger
32. Burkhard II Duke ofSwabia[b.940] married Hedwig (Ava) ofBavaria
33. Burkhard I Duke of Swabia [b.920] married Reginlinde of Thurgovie daughter of Eberhard Count of Thurgovie and Gisela of Nullenberg
34. Burkhard Margrave of Raetian [b.900] married Luitgard of Saxony andMetzdaughter of Gerard of Metz and Uda of Saxony [b.974]
35.Count Adalbert II Count of Thurgovie [b.880]
36.Count Adalbert I (Alberic/Albert)Countof Thurgovie [b.855]
37. Count Hunroch (Henoch/Henry/Heinrich)ofFruili [b.835]- married Engeltrude daughter of Begue Count ofParis
38. Makir Bernard II Count ofAuvergne(Bouchard the Constable)[born 815]
38.Count Makir Bernard ofAuvergne[born 795]
39.Count Warin d'Autun Count of Macon [born 779]
40.Count William of Gellone II (Isaac Kalonymus)[married Guibor of Narbonne]
41. Nehemiah Ha Makiri (Dietrich/Theodoric/Aymer le Chetif)Rulerof Autun, Riparien andSaxony(Duke Namon)[born 730]
42. Makir Todros (Theodoric/Aimeri)WesternExilarchand Jewish King of Septimania

Davidic Ancestry of QueenVictoria

1.QueenVictoriaof Great Britian
2.Edward Augustus Duke ofKent
3.King George III
4.Frederick Lewis Prince ofWales
5.King George II Augustus
6. King George I Lewis
7.Ernest Augustus Elector ofHanover
8.George Duke of Brunwick-Luneburg
9.William Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
10.Ernest I Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
11.Henry II Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
12.Otto II Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
13.Frederick Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
14.Bernard I Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
15.Magnus II Duke ofBrunswick
16.Magnus I Duke ofBrunswick
17. Albert II duke of Brunswick-Gottingen
18.Albert I Duke of Brunswick [born 1236]
19.Otto Duke ofBrunswick
20.William of Winchester Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg [married Princess Helen ofDenmark]
21. Henry V Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg [married Princess Matilda ofEngland]
22.Henry X Duke ofBavaria
23.Henry IX Duke ofBavaria(born 1074)
24.Welf IV Duke ofBavaria(married Judith of Flanders)
25. Azo II d'Este Marquis d'Este (married Cunigunde of Bavaria)
26. Lady Othberta married Albert Azo I Marquis of Este son of Mar Azarya ofBarcelona
27.Othbert II Este Count ofGenoa
28.Othbert I Viscount of Este
29.Adalbert II Marquis of Este
30.Boniface IV Marquis of Este
31.Adalbert I Marquis of Este
32.Boniface III Count ofLucca
33.Boniface II Count ofLucca
34.Boniface I (Abu Aharon)CountofLucca
35. Richbald beno Bernhard (Richard of Amiens andMetz)[married Ermengarde]
36. Bernard Naso (Nasi Mar Meshullam I Bera Natan)[married Dhoude daughter of Gerard Swan and Adalis]
37. William of Gellone I (Mar Nathan Kalonymus)[married Cunigunde of Franks daughter of Carolman and Gerberge]
38. Makir Todros (Theodoric/Aimeri d' Narbonne)[married Alda of Franks daughter of Charles Martel and Rutrud (Ruth)Schwanhilde


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Brit-Am Comment:
British Monarchs for centuries have claimed descent from King David.

Edward-iv (1461=1484) traced his ancestry back to King Jehoshaphat (867-851 BCE) of Judah. [King Jehoshaphat was descended from King David: David begat Solomon who begat Rehoboam who begat Abijah who begat Asa who begat Jehoshaphat.] The line of Edward-iv was replaced by that of Henry-vii (1485-1509) who however was also related to the Lancasters and further intermarried with them thus combining his own claims with theirs.
See:
"The New Jerusalem.
The Extraordinary True Story of How a Secret Society Rebuilt London" by Adrian Gilbert, 2002, Great Britain.
Similarly other claims of like nature were made.
In addition to that we have the story of Tea Tephi which although seemingly improbable has proven immensely popular.

Recently Arthur Zuckerman ("A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, 768-900" USA, 1972) has revealed the historical existence of Makhir of the House of David whose descendants intermarried with the nobility of France and through them with that of Britain and other European lineages.

According to a tradition preserved by Abraham ibn Daud in his Sefer ha-Qabbalah, written about 1161, Makhir was a descendant of the house of David. Ibn Daud wrote:
Then King Charles [i.e. Charles Martel (?) father of Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of France] sent to the King of Baghdad [Caliph] requesting that he dispatch one of his Jews of the seed of royalty of the House of David. He hearkened and sent him one from there, a magnate and sage, Rabbi Makhirby name. And [Charles] settled him in Narbonne, the capital city, and planted him there, and gave him a great possession there at the time he captured it from the Ishmaelites [Arabs]. And he [Makhir] took to wife a woman from among the magnates of the town; *...* and the King made him a nobleman and designed, out of love for [Makhir], good statutes for the benefit of all the Jews dwelling in the city, as is written and sealed in a Latin charter; and the seal of the King therein [bears] his name Carolus; and it is in their possession at the present time. The Prince Makhir became chieftain there. He and his descendants were close [inter-related] with the King and all his descendants.

We deal with this matter in our work "Ephraim".
We may publish an article summarizing and commentating on the work of Zuckerman in a coming issue of our magazine.
On our web-site we have a few articles by Athol Bloomer that also deal with "Makhir"
and the House of David.
See:
Athol BLOOMER: The House of DAVID
http://www.britam.org/Tribesman/AncestryAthol.html

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4. Taking the Shoe off (Ruth 4:7) and Marriage Customs?
1347

#3. Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning redeeming and exchanging: to confirm a transaction, the one took off a sandal and gave it to the other; this was the manner of attesting in Israel. Ruth 4:7

Quotes:
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=954

"Throwing the wedding shoe", NYT 2/11/1887:

This custom of throwing one or more old shoes after the bride and groom either when they go to church to be married or when they start on their wedding journey, is so old that the memory of man stretches not back to its beginning.

Or E. Cobham Brewer, Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 1898:

It has long been a custom in England, Scotland, and elsewhere, to throw an old shoe, or several shoes, at the bride and bridegroom when they quit the bride's home, after the wedding breakfast, or when they go to church to get married. Some think this represents an assault and refers to the ancient notion that the bridegroom carried off the bride with force and violence. Others look upon it as a relic of the ancient law of exchange, implying that the parents of the bride give up henceforth all right of dominion to their daughter.

http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/mco/ml07.htm
196. Of all the lingering customs of a bygone age that of Throwing the Shoe after a newly-married couple just off on their honeymoon will probably die the hardest. This is a relic of the Jewish mode of completing a transfer of land in ancient times, as illustrated in Ruth iv. 7. Here we find the shoe constituting a recognized symbol of possession.
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5. The Tribe of Asher and Oil
1343
#1. The Tribe of Asher and Oil in the Land of Israel
From: James Long <jhlongiii@gmail.com>
re Brit-Am Now no. 1340: The Lost Ten Tribes of Israel
#3. Roy Otto Dyrli: Letter from Norway...
http://britam.org/now/1340Now.html#Roy
Good Day and Shalom Yair.
In reference to the below, when I saw the passage from Deut. 33:24, I was reminded of a book I read recently. "Breaking the Treasure Code: The Hunt For Israel's Oil" is the name of the book. Extremely interesting reading for anyone who blesses Israel via our brothers in Judah. It specifically hones down upon the blessing of Jacob upon Joseph and his sons, and of course, Joseph's brothers, etc. There is a map of the tribes in Israel back in the day that shows the foot of Asher and it shows locations of new oil rigs in areas where permits have been given out to drill in. G-d is about to move in a powerful way in my opinion, and I think, very soon. Below these locations there is the potential for massive Permian deposits rivaling the size of the Saudi's oil deposits. The founders of this company began their search using the Bible exclusively as their guide! Go to
http://www.oilinisrael.net and spend a little time. Again, G-d's
Shalom!
Jim Long in Daytona Beach, Florida
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6. DNA Racial Classifications
1343
#2. DNA Racial Classifications Corrected and Explained

Recently an official of British Israel in Britain contacted us and suggested that we prepare a combined reply to the criticism below based on DNA findings.
A mutual reply is in preparation and hopefully may lead to further co-operation between us and pave the way to better things. In the meantime it is of interest to consider
what we are replying to and how Brit-Am sees the answer.

British Israelism: Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British Israelism:

"Lack of consistency with modern genetic findings

Human genetics does not support British Israelism's notion of a close link between Jews and Western Europeans. Detailed research comparing the Y-chromosomes of Jews to other Middle Eastern populations has found that Jews are closely related to other populations originating in the Middle East, such as Kurds, Turks, Armenians and Arabs and concluded that:
Middle Eastern populations...are closely related and...their Y chromosome pool is distinct from that of Europeans. (Nebel, 2001.)[32]

Y-DNA Haplogroups J2 and, to a lesser extent, J1 are most commonly identified in Jewish people, which is in contrast to Western Europeans where a more distant Haplogroup R1b is the most commonly identified.[33][34][35][36]

Some advocates[who?] of British Israelism assert that the Bible refers to Judah as being of darker skin, citing the biblical story of the patriarch Judah having a child by a Canaanite woman. This theory does not explain the Y-chromosome haplogroup differences between modern Jews and the British people because Y-chromosomes are passed unchanged from father to son and do not recombine with the X-chromosome from women.[37]"


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Brit-Am Reply:
Note: Normally the notes below would have been entered into a BAMAD posting.
The points made however are important. They are not difficult to understand and it may be worth the while of others (in addition to regular BAMAD readers) to be appraised of them.

The above note concerning Genetics and British-Israel and/or Brit-Am beliefs relates to DNA while making a reference to a British Israelite associated explanation for the perceived difference in the phenotypes (physical appearance etc) of Judah and Joseph.

Joseph had married an Egyptianitess (Genesis 41:45); Machir son of Manasseh had an Aramaic concubine (1-Chronicles 7:14). One of the wives of Judah was a Canaanitess (Genesis 38:2) and one out of the seven sons of Simeon came from a Canaanitish woman (Genesis 46:10).
Egyptian and other Ancient Middle Eastern depictions of inhabitants of the Land of Israel in Biblical times show the presence of different physical types.
Some are very fair while others are quote dark.
See:
Pictures of Ancient Hebrews
http://www.britam.org/HebrewTypes.html

THE PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF
THE HEBREW PEOPLES
http://www.britam.org/anthropology.html

In point of fact,
Explanations for any alleged physical differences between the Jews (Judah) and the Lost Ten Tribes must relate to both phenotypic disparities and DNA findings.
The Jews (Judah) and the Ten Tribes have been separated for about 3000 years.
The length of separation together with some foreign infusion on both sides, environmental influences, genetic drift, etc, is more than enough to explain any physical differences that may exist between the two bodies.

We now come to the question of DNA.
The female mtDNA of Jewish groups is often unique in the "micro" sense but in its generality belongs to the same major types as that of most Europeans.
The male DNA (Y chromosome) of Jews is close to that of groups who have dwelt in the middle East for an extended period such as the Kurds, Turks, Armenians and to a lesser degree Arabs.
This however should be explained by geographical provenance. The Jews were in the Middle East for much longer than the Ten Tribes and the Jewish DNA type was determined by environmental influences.
Conventional DNA theory attributes all major changes to UEPs (Unique Event Polymorphisms) meaning that a single one-time only mutation somewhere along the line becomes the ancestral factor to all further appearances of that phenomenon. The evidence indicates however the instead of UEPS we actually have MEP (Mepeat Event Polymorphisms) with the same effect occurring almost simultaneously in more than one paternal source. Once the changes occur they are indeed transmitted by heredity. The changes themselves however may be triggered off by environment, nitrogen in the soil, the presence of metals, diet, and other factors.
See:
"Fertilizers shape plant genomes"
http://www.the-scientist.com/templates/trackable/display/blog.jsp?type=blog&o_url=blog/display/55500&id=55500
Environment definitely does have an influence as testified by hundreds of known examples.
For instance, different types of beach mice have changed their coloring in the same way in accordance to the environment.
They have changed their coloring in the same way even though they are not related to each other.
Mice of the same types but in different surroundings have different colorings.
They pass this coloring on through heredity DNA though it is obvious that at some stage a change must have taken place and that this change separately affected several different "parent" specimens all of whom were existence parallel to each other.
http://yannklimentidis.blogspot.com/
The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Convergence in Beach Mice: Similar Pigment Patterns but Different Genes.
We see therefore that, the gene for coloring can change in a whole group (or even groups) of specimens existing alongside each other.
After the change taking effect the DNA ensures through heredity the continuation of the change.
The DNA itself has therefore undergone the change and is the agent for it.
The same applies to all DNA changes including changes on the Y chromosome used for racial classifications.

Conventional DNA based on the Y Chromosome (transmitted only by males) divides mankind into different haplogroups.
"Haplogroup" simply means group that shares a common ancestor.
The division into haplogroups as conventionally explained would have us accept the following assumptions:
Most Japanese (haplogroup D) are closer to Africans (DE, E) than they are to Chinese and Koreans (O).
East Europeans (R1a) and West European Celts (R1b) are much closer to Amerindians (Q), Chinese and Koreans (O), than they are to Scandinavians, North Germanics, Sardinians, Croats (I), and Jews, Greeks, and Arabs (J).
North African white Berbers, Mediterranean and Balkan whites along with ca. 20% of Ashkenazic Jews (E3b), are a branch of black Africans (E3a).
These and many other apparent anomalies may have something to them but we doubt it.
The said relationships are in fact wrong.
The mistaken perceptions have come about due to DNA researchers wishing to understand DNA reality as an evolutionary sequence.
This has lead them to depart from their own principles of research.
It is accepted that within a specific haplogroup wherever more variations from a type are to be found then the area in question is more likely to have been a parent region for groups with less deviations.
For example:

R1a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a_(Y-DNA)
##There are two focuses of high frequency and diversity of R1a, one in South Asia, near North India, and the other in Eastern Europe, in the area of Ukraine. Rival theories each propose one of these geographic locations as the origin of R1a, though with varied suggested dates...##

R1b
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b_(Y-DNA)
##research now shows that R1b's variance increases as one moves east, leading to the view that R1b originated further east.##

In both the above cases we see that areas with greater variance are considered areas of origin. The logic of these assumptions is that when an offshoot breaks away from the main group it is liable to take with it representatives of only a portion of the varieties in the parent body. For example if in a group of 10 people only one has red hair and one person chosen at random is separated from the main body the statistical probability will be in favor of the red haired individual having remained with the parent group.

When however DNA researchers come to explain the diversion of major DNA haplogroups from each other they use a reverse logic.
African A DNA is taken to be the "parent" type. This is found in Bushmen etc of Africa.
This is followed by B pygmies etc of Africa.
Also followed by C and F.
[By way of explanation it should be remembered that in principle B has what is in A plus an addition; C has what is in A and B plus an addition; D has what is in A, B, C, D, plus an addition etc.
The difference in each stage is one of additional information together with what previously existed. It is not different information per se.
e.g. B has everything A has plus additional information (ci) that A lacks. Take (ci) away from B and B will be the same as A.]
Halogroup C (it is claimed) gave rise to Australian Aborigines, Maoris, Ainu, etc
D and E developed from C.
D are Japanese and Tibetans.
E are Negroid Africans and most African Americans (E3a), as well as North African Whites, Southeast Europeans, and 20% of Ashkenazic (European) Jews (E3b).
After that they give us a progression "evolving" upwards through F, G, H, I, J,K, L, M, P until we reach P (Asia and South America) which gave rise to N, O, Q, and R. these last examples are the most complicated. They are considered "evolved developments" from the simpler A, B., C, D, etc.
The problem is that the explanation for the required changes makes a claim for mutations in the DNA structure.
All observed mutations in DNA up-to-day have resulted in a loss of information rather than an evolvement growing out of what previously existed.
The law of probabilities along with extrapolation from observed phenomena should indicate an "evolution" from the complex to the more simple and not the opposite.

The scenario should in effect be reversed.
R (or Q and R) should be considered the "parent" specimens and the others offshoots from it.
Such an explanation may well be scientifically more acceptable but it would destroy the evolutionary tree that conventional DNA theory depends upon.
See:
YDNA Reversed
Were R1 and N The Forefathers?
http://www.britam.org/DNA/YDNAreverse.html

According to our understanding haplogroup R is probably closer to the original haplogroup of all mankind.
All other haplogroups derived from R simply by "losing" some of their information and becoming less complex.
They did not necessarily "lose" it in stages in an evolutionary sequence downwards.
Different groups could just as easily have "lost" information parallel to each other with some losing more than others which explains the differences between them.
"Losing" DNA information is also comprehensible as an effect of environment influence operating on different parent specimens in the same region but not necessarily of the same family.
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7. Abarbanel on Dan: Symbols
1343

#3. Abarbanel on Dan: Symbols of Dan. Pictures of Interest

[Note:
The extract below from the Commentary of Abarbanel recognizes the fact that Dan could be represented by a snake, eagle, or dragon.
Abarbanel attempts to explain these variations as all being based on the dame principle that was compared to a snake.

##The Tribe of Dan was the head of the [northern] Standard. Under Dan were Asher and Naphtali. All these were the sons of the handmaidens [Bilhah and Zilpah]. Dan was at their head due to valor as it says, [Genesis 49:17] DAN SHALL BE A SERPENT BY THE WAY, AN ADDER IN THE PATH. Moses referred to Dan as A LION'S WHELP [Deuteronomy 33:22].
The standard of Dan depicted an eagle since Jacob compared him to A SERPENT BY THE WAY, AN ADDER IN THE PATH [the Hebrew "shiphippon" is translated as "adder" but according to descriptions was actually the King Cobra] who has "hood" like wings on both sides of his head [as if threatening] to fly. This snake is the most aggressive of its kind. It represents the dragon. FOR OUT OF THE SERPENT'S ROOT SHALL COME FORTH A COCKATRICE, AND HIS FRUIT SHALL BE A FIERY FLYING SERPENT [Isaiah 14:29].
Since the eagle is the best flyer of all flying creatures proficiency in flying and movement is associated with the eagle##

Pictures of Cobras showing the "hood" that resembles "wings".

cobra
Source of Picture: agrocine.blogspot.com
/2008/04/cobra-snakes.html

cobra
Source of Picture: Tribalshapes.com

cobra
Source of Picture: www.clipartof.com/details/
clipart/14251.html
Dragons

Welsh Dragon
Welsh Dragon
Source of Picture: http://www.cadwyngifts.com/
images/m-cymru314.jpg
/2008/04/cobra-snakes.html

Ljubljana dragon
Ljubljana dragon, Slovenia
Source of Picture: Wikipedia

Eagles
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8. Beowulf and the Tribe of Benjamin

1342
#3. Ingileif & Didrik: Beowulf and the Tribe of Benjamin
Re: Brit-Am Now no. 1341 Ten Tribes
#4. Question Concerning Beowulf and Israelite Associations
http://britam.org/now/1341Now.html#Question3

Beowulf meaning Beo- wolf.
The sign of Benjamin was a wolf

In my researches: The Roots of the Icelanders I look not only in old annals and sagas and genealogy, but I also try to follow the pictures, signs and surnames that mean "wolf" through Europe.
And the Dacian dragon with its wolf head and snake body is a in my mind [a symbol of] unification between Benjamin and Dan. A unification again found in Jutland 200-800 AD with the Danes and "Nearly-Danes" (Halfdanir).
Dr. Bardi Gudmundsson made extensive researches to show our origins from the Heruls (war-wolfs). This was really contrary to the legend that we were all the same people that remained in Norway when they [the Heruls] left. So this theory got really frosty meetings. That was in 1958, but over the last 50 years more and more support has been found for this theory.

I am not necessarily saying that we are Benjamin (even if the rumors goes that we are). But what should fit Benjamin better than to disappear from the beginning and appear again in the rest and have been able somehow to keep a faint remembrance all the time?????

Sincerely

Ingileif & Didrik
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9. Transport of Israelite Exiles Overseas
1341
#3. Question on the Transport of Israelite Exiles overseas in Philistine and Phoenician Ships
Paul wrote:

Hi Yair,
I have a question from your article titled "The Lost TEn Tribes in Prophecy" Part 2, it was posted on nobsnews.org previously.
In it you wrote"

"The Lord GOD hath sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that he will take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks." (Amos 4:2)

That is how it is translated in the King James BUT The word translated as "HOOKS" in Hebrew is "Tzinot" meaning fleets of ships or "great ships" and the word translated as FISHHOOKS in Hebrew is "Sirot-dugah" meaning "fishing-boats". "

Now, I looked up hooks and fishing hooks in Strong's Concordance and in Brown Driver Briggs, and it only says: hooks, barbs, meaning dubious, shield buckler, fishing hook, cauldron, etc.

Can you point me to some type of resource that would show the literal Hebrew meaning of "Tzinot" and "Sirot-dugah" that would show that it means "fleets of ships, or great ships" and "fishing boats"?

Thanks very much for your time Yair, and great work

Paul

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Brit-Am Reply:
This analysis was first propounded in our work
our book "Lost Israelite Identity. The Hebrew Ancestry of Celtic Races"
http://www.britam.org/Identity.html
This work at present is out of print but we may be publishing an updated version soon online.

The translation we proposed was valid. Nevetheless new information suggests a possible modification.
[Amos 4:2] THE LORD GOD HATH SWORN BY HIS HOLINESS, THAT, LO, THE DAYS SHALL COME UPON YOU, THAT HE WILL TAKE YOU AWAY WITH HOOKS [Hebrew "tsinot" i.e. Large Ships], AND YOUR POSTERITY WITH FISHHOOKS [Hebrew "sirot-dugah" i.e. Fishing Boats or Boats shaped liked a fish and named "Fish-Boats"].

We understood this verse to be complementary to other verses and sources showing that part of the Ten Tribes were destined to be exiled in Phoenician and Philistine (Minoan) vessels in the service of Assyria over the sea to Spain and the West. New findings have since confirmed this conclusion.

Rabbinical scholars (Abarbanel, Metsudat Tsion) explained that tsinot means a type of ship.
The word "Tsi" means a large ship. [In Modern Hebrew it means "fleet of ships"].
"Tsinot" in my private opinion is a plural of "Tsi". I base this opinion on an analysis of the passage.
Elsewhere in the Bible the plural of "tsi" is "tsiyim" (Numbers 24:24 Daniel 11:30).
"tsiyim" however is masculine.
As an inanimate object "tsi" could be rendered as either masculine or feminine (Iben Ezra).
In Amos 4:2 for euphonic and contextual reasons it has to be feminine.
Normally the feminine form might be rendered as "tsiot" but the option of inserting an "n" sound (again for euphonic reasons) also exists.
And so we have "tsinot".
Unfortunately this explanation so far only relies on my own opinion but (assuming we are correct) God willing confirmatory evidence will become available.

As for "sirot-dugah" this is translated as "fish-hooks" in the KJV where "dugah" means "fish" and "sirot" is said to mean "hooks" i.e. literally "hooks-[for]-fish". Some Rabbinical commentaries would agree with this.

Nevertheless, Targum Yehonatan, Rashi, Radak, and others agree that it means "fishing-boats".
In the Mishah "dugit" means a type of fishing-boat.

Alternately:
In Cyprus in Roman times a certain type of very large ship was known as a fish boat because of its shape [Phoenician ships were also shaped to resemble a fish].
Cyprus had once been under Israelite control and for much of its history was largely Phoenician in culture.

On-line references:

The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
http://www.studylight.org/enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T8078
tsi (Numbers 24:24; Ezekiel 30:9; Isaiah 33:21), tsi 'addir, "gallant ship"; Daniel 11:30, tsiyim Kittim, "ships of Kittim.'

English-Hebrew DICTIONARY
http://www.marghalit.com/Dictionary/ENGHEB_1.HTM
Sirah = boat

Mediterranean ship types
http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~catshaman/15Sailors/05sailors12.htm
Compares ancient Mediterranean ships (Phoenicians, Cretan, Greek etc) with those depicted on Scandinavian
rocks.
The first picture shows Cretan ships with the image of a fish on their prow.
The ships of Crete were those of Minoas. We will show that the Philistines used these ships and that the terms Crete, Minoa, Philistia are interchangeable.
Amos condemns the Phoenicians (i.e. Trye Amos 1:9) and the Philistines (i.e. Gaza Amos 1:6, Ashekelon, Ashdod, Ekron, THE PHILISTINES Amos 1:8) for turning Israelite Exile over to Edom.
The Phoenicians and Philistines used their ships to transfer Israelite Exiles overseas.

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